Kemampuan menyelesaikan soal cerita merupakan kemampuan penting untuk dapat mencapai tujuan pembelajaran matematika di SD. Tujuan Pembelajaran Matematika di SD yaitu menjadikan siswa terampil menggunakan konsep matematika dalam kehidupan. Salah satu konsep matematika yaitu volume bangun ruang. Siswa SD dilatih untuk menyelesaikan masalah matematika melalui soal cerita. Salah satu cara mengajarkan dan melatih siswa agar memiliki kemampuan menyelesaikan masalah yang baik yaitu dengan menggunakan model pelajaran yang berbasis masalah, model pembelajaran tersebut adalah model Problem solving . Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model Problem solving tehadap kemampuan kognitif dan psikomotor siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita materi volume bangun ruang.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen semu (Quasi Experimental Design). Terdapat dua kelas yang akan menjadi sampel penelitian yaitu kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen. Kelas kontrol siswa tidak mendapatkan perlakuan khusus dan hanya menggunakan model pembelajaran langsung dengan metode ceramah sedangkan pada kelas eksperimen siswa mendapatkan perlakuan khusus menggunakan model Problem solving . Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dan observasi. Tes terdiri dari Pretest dan posttest. Sedangkan instrument penelitiannya meggunakan lembar test (Pretest dan posttest) dan lembar observasi. Setelah diperoleh data penelitian, selanjutnya data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji normalitas, uji homogenitas dan uji T menggunakan bantuan software SPSS 25.
Hasil analisis data penelitian menggunakan SPSS 25 diperoleh hasil yang menyatakan bahwa model Problem solving berpengaruh positif terhadap kemampuan kognitif dan psikomotor siswa. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai signifikan uji T sebesar 0,000 yang berarti memiliki nilai < 0,05 sehingga ha diterima. Aspek psikomotor di peroleh nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen 89 lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan siswa kelas kontrol 74.
Kata Kunci : Soal Cerita, Problem solving , Bangun Ruang
The ability to solve word problem is an important skill that is needed to achieve teaching objective of mathematics in elemantary school. Teaching objectives of mathematics in elementary school is to enable students to apply mathematics concept in daily life. One of the mathematics concepts is solid figure volume. Elementary school students are given excercises to solve mathematics problem in the form of word problem. One of the ways to teach the students to solve the problem effectively is by applying problem based learning, namely Problem solving learning model. Based on those issues, the current research was aimed at finding out the effect of problem-solving as learning model on students’ cognitive and psychomotoric skills in solving word problem about solid figures.
The research design used in this research was quasi-experiment. There were two clasess, namely kontrol class and experimental class, selected as the sample of this research. The kontrol class was the class that did not receive any treatment and the class was taught using lecture method of teaching. Whereas, the experimental class was the class that was taught using Problem solving as the treatment. The data collection techniques were test and observation. The tests consisted of pre-test and post-test. Test sheet (pre-test and post-test) and observation sheet were used as the instruments of this research. After the data was obtained, normality test, homogenity test and t-test were conducted by the means of SPSS 25.
The results of this research calculated on SPSS 25 showed that Problem solving has a positive effect on studemts’ cognitive and psychomotoric ability. It was found that there was significant difference on the means score of the classes since the t-value was 0.000 which means the value was < 0.05; thus, the Ha was accepted. In terms of psychomotor aspects, the means score of experimental class was 89, which is greater compared to kontrol class whose means score was 74.
Key-words : Word problem, problem solving , solid figure.