PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN PENILAIAN LITERASI SAINS FISIKA MODEL PISA TERINTEGRASI MITIGASI BENCANA GEMPA BUMI DAN TSUNAMI PADA MATERI GETARAN DAN GELOMBANG MEKANIK

DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE LITERACY ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS INTEGRATED PISA MODEL FOR EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI DISASTER MITIGATION IN MECHANICAL VIBRATION AND WAVE TOPIC

           ABSTRAK

        Literasi sains Indonesia tidak mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan. Skor literasi sains PISA peserta didik berkisar antara 393 sampai 396 pada tahun 2000 sampai 2018. Hal itu disebabkan karena tingkat kesukaran pada soal yang dirancang oleh guru belum sesulit soal-soal PISA beserta indikatornya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis validitas instrumen soal literasi sains fisika model PISA terintegrasi mitigasi bencana gempa bumi dan tsunami yang telah dikembangkan, menganalisis kepraktisan instrumen soal literasi sains fisika model PISA terintegrasi mitigasi bencana gempa bumi dan tsunami yang telah dikembangkan, menganalisis profil kemampuan literasi sains fisika siswa yang diukur menggunakan instrumen penilaian model PISA terintegrasi mitigasi bencana gempa bumi dan tsunami. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan dengan model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation). Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode angket validasi, kuesioner respons siswa, metode wawancara, metode analisis keterbacaan, dan metode tes literasi sains. Data pada penelitian berupa validitas logis dan empiris, instrumen penilaian, respons siswa, grafik fry, dan wawancara siswa. Penelitian ini diujicobakan kepada 31 mahasiswa tingkat pertama jurusan fisika dari beberapa universitas di Surabaya dan diterapkan kepada 61 siswa kelas XII-1 dan XII-2 SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Surabaya. Hasil validitas logis menunjukkan bahwa instrumen penilaian yang dikembangkan memenuhi kriteria valid dengan Percentage of Agreement (PoA) sebesar 95,34%. Hasil validitas empiris, dari 24 butir soal yang dikembangkan diperoleh 14 butir soal dinyatakan valid. Hasil analisis keterbacaan menunjukkan keterbacaan instrumen penilaian yang dikembangkan sesuai dengan kelasnya yaitu berada pada level 13. Hasil kuesioner respons siswa dan wawancara siswa dominan menyatakan setuju bahwa instrumen penilaian dapat meningkatkan kemampuan literasi sains. Profil kemampuan literasi sains dari 61 siswa memiliki kriteria 0% sangat tinggi, 10% tinggi, 24% cukup, 10% rendah, dan 56% sangat rendah. Skor rata-rata pada kompetensi menjelaskan fenomena secara ilmiah sebesar 55, mengevaluasi dan merancang penyelidikan ilmiah sebesar 33, serta mengintepretasi data dan bukti secara ilmiah berturut-turut adalah sebesar 39. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa instrumen penilaian literasi sains fisika model PISA terintegrasi mitigasi bencana gempa bumi dan tsunami pada materi getaran dan gelombang mekanik yang dikembangkan layak digunakan untuk mengukur kompetensi literasi sains siswa.

Kata Kunci: Literasi sains, PISA, Mitigasi bencana, Getaran dan gelombang, Gempa bumi dan Tsunami

ABSTRACT

        Indonesia's scientific literacy has not increased significantly. The PISA science literacy scores of students ranged from 393 to 396 in 2000 to 2018. This is because the level of difficulty of the questions designed by teachers is not as difficult as the PISA questions and their indicators. The purpose of this study was to analyze the validity of the physics science literacy question instrument of the PISA model integrated with earthquake and tsunami disaster mitigation that had been developed, to analyze the practicality of the physics science literacy question instrument of the PISA model integrated with earthquake and tsunami disaster mitigation that had been developed, to analyze the profile of students' physics science literacy abilities measured using the PISA model assessment instrument integrated with earthquake and tsunami disaster mitigation. This type of research is development research with the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation) model. Data collection techniques used the validation questionnaire method, student response questionnaire, interview method, readability analysis method, and science literacy test method. The data in the study were in the form of logical and empirical validity, assessment instruments, student responses, fry graphs, and student interviews. This study was tested on 31 first-year physics students from several universities in Surabaya and applied to 61 students in grades XII-1 and XII-2 of SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Surabaya. The results of logical validity showed that the assessment instrument developed met the valid criteria with a Percentage of Agreement (PoA) of 95.34%. The results of empirical validity, out of 24 questions developed, 14 questions were declared valid. The results of the readability analysis showed that the readability of the assessment instrument developed was in accordance with its class, which was at level 13. The results of the student response questionnaire and student interviews predominantly agreed that the assessment instrument could improve scientific literacy skills. The scientific literacy ability profile of 61 students had criteria of 0% very high, 10% high, 24% sufficient, 10% low, and 56% very low. The average score for the competence of explaining phenomena scientifically was 55, evaluating and designing scientific investigations was 33, and interpreting data and evidence scientifically was 39, respectively. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the integrated PISA model of physics science literacy assessment instrument for earthquake and tsunami disaster mitigation on the material of vibrations and mechanical waves that was developed is suitable for measuring students' science literacy competencies.

Keywords: Scientific literacy, PISA, Disaster mitigation, Vibration and waves, Earthquake and Tsunami