PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA BATAS WILAYAH NEGARA ANTARA CHINA DAN INDIA DI LINE OF ACTUAL CONTROL MENURUT HUKUM INTERNASIONAL

SETTLEMENT OF COUNTRY BORDER DISPUTES BETWEEN CHINA AND INDIA IN THE LINE OF ACTUAL CONTROL ACCORDING TO INTERNATIONAL LAW

China dan India mengalami sengketa batas wilayah di Line of Actual Control (LAC) sejak tahun 1960 an hingga saat ini dan saling melakukan klaim berbagai wilayah di ketiga sektor LAC tersebut. Sektor barat LAC yang terdiri dari wilayah Aksai Chin merupakan wilayah inti sengketa yang saat ini sedang berada dibawah kontrol China sejak terjadinya Sino-Indian War 1962. Berbagai upaya diplomatik yang dilakukan sejak tahun 1990 an hingga saat ini belum menghasilkan kesepakatan penyelesaian sengketa yang sah antara kedua negara. Tujuan penilitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa dan mengetahui status wilayah di sektor barat yang menjadi sengketa di LAC antara China dan India menurut Hukum Internasional dan untuk menganalisa bentuk penyelesaian sengketa batas wilayah antara China dan India di LAC menurut Hukum Internasional. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif (legal research). Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Aksai Chin merupakan wilayah sengketa yang sedang berada dibawah kontrol/kekuasaan China sejak Sino-Indian War 1962 melalui upaya aneksasi yang melanggar Article 2 ayat (4) Charter of The United Nations dan juga Declaration on Principles of International Law Friendly Relations and Co-Operation among States in Accordance with The Charter of The United Nation. Penyelesaian sengketa yang dapat dipilih oleh China dan India antara lain penyelesaian bersifat non-legal binding melalui mediasi ataupun konsiliasi, penyelesaian sengketa melalui organisasi internasional yaitu PBB dengan menarik perhatian Dewan Keamanan, atau juga penyelesaian yang bersifat legal binding melalui International Court of Justice (ICJ) ataupun Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA).

China and India have been experiencing territorial boundary disputes in the Line of Actual Control (LAC) since the 1960s until now and have claimed various territories in the three LAC sectors. The western sector of the LAC, which consists of the Aksai Chin region, is the core area of the dispute which is currently under Chinese control since the Sino-Indian War of 1962. Various diplomatic efforts made since the 1990s have not yet resulted in a legal dispute resolution agreement between the two countries. country. The purpose of this research is to analyze and determine the status of the territory in the western sector which is a dispute in the LAC between China and India according to International Law and to analyze the form of settlement of territorial boundary disputes between China and India in the LAC according to International Law. This type of research is normative legal research (legal research). The conclusion of the research shows that Aksai Chin is a disputed area that has been under Chinese control/power since the Sino-Indian War 1962 through annexation efforts that violated Article 2 paragraph (4) of the Charter of the United Nations and also the Declaration on Principles of International Law Friendly. Relations and Co-Operation among States in Accordance with The Charter of The United Nation. The dispute resolutions that China and India can choose include non-legal binding settlements through mediation or conciliation, dispute resolution through international organizations, namely the United Nations by attracting the attention of the Security Council, or also legal binding settlements through the International Court of Justice (ICJ) or the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA).