IMPLEMENTASI METODE MULTISENSORI FERNALD TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PERMULAAN SISWA TUNAGRAHITA RINGAN DI SLB NEGERI GEDANGAN

IMPLEMENTATION OF FERNALD MULTISENSORY METHOD ON THE EARLY READING ABILITY OF MIDDLE DEFECT STUDENTS AT SLB GEDANGAN STATE

Membaca permulaan merupakan dasar membaca yang perlu dikuasai oleh siswa tunagrahita ringan. Namun beberapa siswa tunagrahita ringan belum mempunyai kemampuan membaca permulaan yang baik, sehingga perlu ditingkatkan melalui metode multisensori Fernald. Untuk menguji keefektifan metode multisensori Fernald, maka dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan kemampuan membaca permulaan siswa tunagrahita ringan sebelum dan sesudah diterapkan metode multisensori Fernald di SLB Negeri Gedangan. Subjek pada penelitian ini berjumlah 7 siswa tunagrahita ringan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif pra-eksperimen (pre-experimental design) dengan desain one group pretest-posttest design serta menggunakan teknik tes lisan untuk pengumpulan data. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Test dengan uji rumus Wilcoxon dan uji Wilcoxon SPSS versi 29.0.1.0 (171). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan kemampuan membaca permulaan siswa tunagrahita ringan sebelum dan sesudah diterapkan metode multisensori Fernald. Perbedaan tersebut dapat ditunjukkan melalui nilai rata-rata pretest sebesar 52,38 dan nilai rata-rata posttest 88,09. Selanjutnya melalui hasil pengujian rumus Wilcoxon dan uji Wilcoxon SPSS didapatkan nilai Z hitung 2,37 ≥ Z tabel 1,96 dan nilai Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) 0,018 ≤ 0,05. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut terbukti kemampuan membaca permulaan siswa tunagrahita ringan di SLB Negeri Gedangan mengalami peningkatan menjadi lebih baik setelah diterapkan metode multisensori Fernald

Kata kunci : tunagrahita ringan, multisensori Fernald, membaca permulaan

Early reading is the basis for reading that needs to be mastered by students with mild mental retardation. However, some students with mild mental retardation do not have good initial reading skills, so it needs to be improved through Fernald's multisensory method. To test the effectiveness of Fernald's multisensory method, a study was conducted with the aim of analyzing differences in early reading abilities of mild mentally retarded students before and after applying Fernald's multisensory method at SLB Gedangan State. The subjects in this study were 7 students with mild mental retardation. The research method used was a pre-experimental quantitative method with a one group pretest-posttest design and using oral test techniques for data collection. The data analysis technique used was the Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Test with the Wilcoxon formula test and the Wilcoxon SPSS version 29.0.1.0 (171). The results showed that there were differences in the early reading abilities of mild mentally retarded students before and after the Fernald multisensory method was applied. This difference can be shown through the average pretest score of 52.38 and the average posttest score of 88.09. Furthermore, through the results of the Wilcoxon formula test and the Wilcoxon SPSS test, the Z count value was 2.37 ≥ Z table 1.96 and the Asymp value. Sig. (2-tailed) 0.018 ≤ 0.05. Based on these results it is evident that the early reading ability of mild mentally retarded students at the SLB Gedangan State has improved for the better after applying the Fernald multisensory method.

Keywords: mild mental retardation, Fernald's multisensory, early reading.