PERKEMBANGAN KESENIAN BARONGAN BLORA “GEMBONG AMIJOYO” PADA TAHUN 1964-1998

Development of Barongan Blora Art "Gembong Amijoyo" in 1964-1998

Barongan merupakan seni pertunjukan rakyat berupa tiruan binatang buas yang digerak-gerakkan oleh satu atau dua orang pemain yang berada didalamnya. Barongan adalah perwujudan dari binatang totem yang muncul pertama kali ketika populasi masyarakat Jawa dan Bali menganut animisme. Penelitian ini menitik beratkan Kesenian Barongan Blora “Gembong Amijoyo” yang berada di wilayah Kabupaten Blora. Topeng yang menyerupai kepala macan dengan ditutupi kulit macan, rambut dari ijuk dan tali rafia, dikenakan mata dari cermin atau bohlam lampu. Untuk menghindari pembahasan yang terlalu luas maka penulis mengambil rentang waktu antara tahun 1964-1998. Berdasarkan latar belakang di atas, maka memunculkan rumusan masalah 1) Mengapa terjadi pergeseran ritus pada kesenian Barongan Blora? 2) Bagaimana bentuk-bentuk perubahan dalam kesenian Barongan Blora tahun 1964-1998? 3) Apa nilai-nilai kearifan lokal kesenian Barongan Blora dalam dinamika perkembangan tahun 1964 – 1998 yang relevan untuk penguatan pendidikan karakter? Penelitian ini menggunkaan metode penelitian sejarah yang terdiri dari tahap (1) heuristik, (2) kritik, (3) interprestasi, dan (4) historiografi. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang Kesenian Barongan Blora “Gembong Amijoyo” pada tahun 1964-1998 mengalami pergeseran dari kesenian ritual dan beralih menjadi kesenian hiburan, yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor baik dari dalam maupun dari luar seperti keadaan, situasi dan kondisi yang terjadi pada saat itu. Namun, dalam perjalanan Kesenian Barongan Blora “Gembong Amijoyo” yang dinamis terdapat adanya persandingan sekaligus juga persaingan antara ritual dan hiburan sebagai fenomena dalam kesenian. Persandingan tampak bahwa keduanya bisa hidup dan berkembang secara perdampingan, sedangkan persaingan tampak pada, cara saling berebut pendukung (peserta, penonton). Tesisnya adalah ritual dan hiburan hidup dalam kepentingan dan kebutuhan masing-masing. Antitesisnya adalah persaingan dalam menarik pendukungnya dan sama-sama mempertahankan nilai - nilai kerakyatan yang terdapat dalam Kesenian Barongan Blora “Gembong Amijoyo” sangat relevan dengan nilai pendidikan karakter yang meliputi :Religiusitas, Kesenian Barongan Blora “Gembong Amijoyo”, Nasionalisme, Mandiri, Gotong Royong, dan Integritas yang terintegrasi dengan kurikulum. Sintesisnya bahwa keduanya bisa hidup berdampingan.

Kata Kunci: Barongan Blora, Perkembangan, Pergeseran Ritus, Pendidikan Karakter.

The result of this research to explain character education santri boarding the village in a Islam Barongan is a folk art in the form of imitation of wild animals which are moved by one or two players who are in it. Barongan is an embodiment of animal totemism which first appeared when Javanese and Balinese populations embraced animism. Usually barongan is depicted with mock quadrupeds such as tiger, lion, pig, bull, and dog but, in the eastern part of Java Barongan is depicted with a dragon. Barongan arts start from Bali and almost all of Java with their respective characteristics of the area. This research focuses on Islamic boarding schools located in Blora Regency. Barongan Blora Art "Gembong Amijoyo". Dhadap wood mask that resembles a large tiger head covered with tiger skin with hair from palm fibers and raffia, worn eyes from a mirror or light bulb. In Blora's barongan, the people's characteristics and community are reflected, namely spontaneity, kinship, simplicity, roughness, hardness, cohesiveness, and courage based on truth. To avoid overly broad discussion, the writer took a span of time between 1964-1998. Based on the background above, the problem formulation raises 1) Why did the rite shift in Blora's art form? 2) What are the forms of change in Blora's 1964-1998 art? 3) What are the values of Barongan Blora's local wisdom in the dynamics of development in 1964 - 1998 that are relevant for strengthening character education? This study uses historical research methods which consist of (1) heuristics, (2) criticism, (3) interpretation, and (4) historiography. The results of this study explain that the Barongan Blora Art "Gembong Amijoyo" in 1964-1998 experienced a shift from ritual art and turned into an entertainment / viewing art, which is influenced by factors both from within and from outside such as circumstances, situations and conditions happened at that time from political factors that impacted the economic, social and cultural sectors as well as the occurrence of modernization that made Barongan Blora artists AVATARA, e-Journal Pendidikan Sejarah Volume 10, No. 2 Tahun 2021 "Gembong Amijoyo" have to adjust to the current situation. However, in the journey of Barongan Blora Art "Gembong Amijoyo" which is dinais there is a comparison as well as competition between ritual and entertainment as a phenomenon in the arts. Comparison seems that both of them can live and develop side by side, while competition appears in the way of competing for supporters (participants, audience). His thesis is a ritual and entertainment of life in the interests and needs of each. The antithesis is competition in attracting supporters and equally defending the values of society contained in the Barongan Blora Art "Gembong Amijoyo" is very relevant to the value of character education which includes: Religiosity, Barongan Blora Art "Gembong Amijoyo", Nationalism, Independent, Mutual Cooperation , and Integrity integrated with the curriculum. The synthesis is that the two can coexist.

Keywords: Barongan Blora, Shifting Rites, Character Education.