PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN DIESEL PARTICULATE TRAP (DPT) TIPE WIRE MESH BERBAHAN TEMBAGA DAN STAINLESS STEEL TERHADAP KINERJA MESIN ISUZU C190

THE EFFECT OF USING DIESEL PARTICULATE TRAP (DPT) WIRE MESH TYPE MADE OF COPPER AND STAINLESS STEEL ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE ISUZU C190 ENGINE

Banyaknya kendaran model lama khususnya diesel konvensional yang masih dipakai di Indonesia menyebabkan polusi udara yang tinggi. Jika diabaikan, hal itu berdampak pada kelestarian lingkungan. Salah satu upaya penanggulangan permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan menggunakan diesel particulate trap (DPT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan pengaruh penggunaan DPT berbahan tembaga dan wire mesh stainless steel dengan desain wire mesh particulate trap terhadap opasitas (kepekatan asap), konsumsi bahan bakar, dan tingkat kebisingan gas buang mesin diesel Isuzu C190.

Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian eksperimen. Objek penelitian yang digunakan adalah mesin Isuzu C190. Variabel bebas penelitian ini adalah ukuran wiremesh, yaitu ukuran 12, 14, 18, dan knalpot eksperimen tanpa wiremesh. Variabel terikat penelitian ini adalah kadar opasitas gas buang, konsumsi bahan bakar, dan tingkat kebisingan. Variabel kontrol penelitian ini adalah putaran mesin, temperatur oli saat pengujian, dan bahan bakar solar. Metode pengujian pada knalpot standart dan eksperimen penelitian ini berdasarkan standar pengujian opasitas gas buang mesin diesel berdasarkan SNI 19-7118.2-2005 yang berpedoman pada SAE-J1667, pengukuran konsumsi bahan bakar berdasarkan standar SNI 7554:2010, dan pengukuran tingkat kebisingan berdasarkan standar ISO/FDIS 5130:2006(E).

Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan DPT dengan ukuran wiremesh 12 dapat mereduksi opasitas gas buang sebesar 74,21%, mereduksi konsumsi bahan bakar rata-rata sebesar 7,75%, dan mereduksi tingkat kebisingan rata-rata sebesar 7,14%. DPT dengan ukuran wiremesh 14 dapat mereduksi opasitas gas buang sebesar 86,99%, mereduksi konsumsi bahan bakar rata-rata sebesar 14,70%, dan mereduksi tingkat kebisingan rata-rata sebesar 8,45%. DPT dengan ukuran wiremesh 18 dapat mereduksi opasitas gas buang sebesar 94,02%, mereduksi konsumsi bahan bakar rata-rata sebesar 19,89%, dan mereduksi tingkat kebisingan rata-rata sebesar 8,60%. Sedangkan knalpot eksperimen tanpa wiremesh  dapat mereduksi opasitas sebesar 56,64%, mereduksi konsumsi bahan bakar rata-rata sebesar 2,66%, dan mereduksi tigkat kebisingan sebesar 0,77%.

Hasil menunjukan penggunaan DPT terbaik terdapat pada wiremesh 18 karena semakin besarnya ukuran wiremesh maka opasitas gas buang yang tersaring semakin banyak sehingga reduksi opasitas gas buang semakin besar. Hal ini juga berpengaruh meningkatnya tekanan balik dan temperatur di dalam ruang bakar sehingga pembakaran menjadi optimal dan lebih hemat bahan bakar. Kemudian ketika tekanan balik ke ruang bakar semakin besar mempengaruhi tekanan pada muffler sehingga kebisingan menjadi berkurang.

The large number of old model vehicles, especially conventional diesel that is still used in Indonesia, causes high air pollution. If ignored, it has an impact on environmental sustainability. One of the efforts to overcome this problem is by using a diesel particulate trap (DPT). This study aims to determine and describe the effect of using DPT made of copper and stainless steel wire mesh with wire mesh particulate trap design on opacity (smoke density), fuel consumption, and exhaust gas noise level of Isuzu C190 diesel engine.

This type of research is experimental research. The research object used was the Isuzu C190 engine. The independent variables of this study are the size of the wiremesh, namely the size of 12, 14, 18, and the experimental exhaust without wiremesh. The dependent variable of this research is exhaust gas opacity level, fuel consumption, and noise level. The control variables of this study were engine speed, oil temperature during testing, and diesel fuel. The test method for standard exhaust and this research experiment is based on standard exhaust gas opacity testing for diesel engines based on SNI 19-7118.2-2005 which is guided by SAE-J1667, measurement of fuel consumption based on SNI 7554: 2010 standards, and measurement of noise levels based on ISO / FDIS 5130: 2006 (E).

The test results show that the use of DPT with a wiremesh size of 12 can reduce exhaust gas opacity by 74.21%, reduce fuel consumption by an average of 7.75%, and reduce noise levels by an average of 7.14%. DPT with wiremesh size 14 can reduce exhaust gas opacity by 86.99%, reduce fuel consumption by an average of 14.70%, and reduce noise levels by an average of 8.45%. DPT with wiremesh size 18 can reduce exhaust gas opacity by 94.02%, reduce fuel consumption by 19.89% on average, and reduce noise levels by an average of 8.60%. Meanwhile, experimental exhaust without wiremesh can reduce opacity by 56.64%, reduce fuel consumption by an average of 2.66%, and reduce noise levels by 0.77%.

The results show that the best use of DPT is on wiremesh 18 because the larger the size of the wiremesh, the more opacity of the filtered exhaust gas will be so that the reduction in exhaust gas opacity is greater. This also affects the increase in back pressure and temperature in the combustion chamber so that combustion becomes optimal and is more fuel efficient. Then when the back pressure to the combustion chamber increases, it affects the pressure on the muffler so that the noise is reduced.

Keywords: Diesel Particulate Trap (DPT), Opacity, Fuel Consumption, Noise Level,Diesel Engine Isuzu C190.