RELASI DAN EKSPLOITASI TINDAKAN PARA TOKOH TERHADAP ALAM DALAM NOVEL KARYA AFIFAH AFRA: KAJIAN EKOFEMINISME VANDANA SHIVA

RELATIONSHIP AND EXPLOITATION OF CHARACTERS' ACTIONS TO NATURE IN AFIFAH AFRA'S NOVEL: A STUDY OF VANDANA SHIVA ECOFEMINISM

ABSTRAK

Fuadah, Umi Nur. 2020. Relasi dan Eksploitasi Tindakan Para Tokoh Terhadap Alam Dalam Novel-Novel Karya Afifah Afra: Kajian Ekofeminisme Vandana Shiva. Tesis. Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Pembimbing (1) Prof. Dr. Setya Yuwana Sudikan, M.A. dan (2) Dr. Tengsoe Tjahjono, M.Pd.

Kata Kunci: Ekofeminisme Vandana Shiva, Novel Afifah Afra, Relasi, Eksploitasi.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan dan menemukan konsep Ekofeminisme Vandana Shiva yaitu ragam eksploitasi, bentuk persaingan, macam-macam relasi, dan jenis percintaan melalui tokoh cerita dalam novel karangan Afifah Afra. Selain itu diharapkan dari data tersebut dihasilkan kecocokan antara novel yang diteliti dengan teori yang digunakan.

Teori Ekofeminisme Vandana Shiva selalu menghubungkaitkan antara konsep relasi dan eksploitasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksplorasi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan pembacaan latar belakang, memberikan pertanyaan 5W dan 1H, merumuskan tujuan penelitian, menelaah berbagai literature, menetapkan desain penelitian. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik pengkodean. Teknik analisis data penelitian ini adalah triangulasi. Teknik pengujian keabsahan data penelitian menggunakan teknik FGD (Forum Grup Discusion).

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari keempat konsep ekofeminisme vandana shiva didapati dua konsep yang sering muncul pada data tersebut yaitu relasi dan eksploitasi. Sehingga terdapat relevansi dan hubungan antara eksploitasi dengan relasi antara semua makhluk yang bermoral termasuk hewan dan tumbuhan pada kedua novel tersebut.

ABSTRACT

Fuadah, umi Nur. 2021. The Relation and Exploitation of the Characters’ Action Against Nature in the Novel Written by Afifah Afra; Study of Vandana Shiva Ecofeminism. Thesis, Languange and Literature Education Programme, Graduate of State University of Surabaya. Supervisor: (I) Prof. Dr. Setya Yuwana Sudikan, M.A. and (2) Dr. Tengsoe Tjahjono, M.Pd.

Keywords : Vandana Shiva Ecofeminism, Afifah Afra’s Novel, Relation, Exploitation.

The purpose of this study was to describe and discover the concept of Vandana Shiva's Ecofeminism, i.e. the types of exploitation, forms of competition, kinds of relation, and types of love through the characters in the novel written by Afifah Afra. In addition, it is expected that from those data could obtain a compatibility between the novel which is researched and the theory used.

The Theory of Vandana Shiva Ecofeminism always makes a link between relation concept and exploitation. The method used in this research is the exploration method. Data collection technique uses background reading, gives 5W and 1H questions, formulates research objectives, examines various literatures, and determines the research design. The data collection instrument used a coding technique. The data analysis technique of this research is triangulation. The technique of research data validation test is uses the FGD technique (Forum Group Discussion).

The results showed that from the four concepts of Vandana Shiva Ecofeminism, there were two concepts that often appeared in the data, i.e. relation and exploitation. So that there is a relevance and relation between exploitation with the relation between all moral beings including animals and plants in both novels.