ABSTRAK

WACANA KEKUASAAN

DALAM NOVEL ANIMAL FARM KARYA GEORGE ORWELL:

PERSPEKTIF WACANA MICHEL FOUCAULT

Nama Mahasiswa                                : Verica Putri Rahma Anggraeni

Nim                                        : 13020074029

Prodi/Jurusan                      : S-1 Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra                                                                    Indonesia/Bahasa dan Sastra                                                                                   Indonesia

Fakultas                                 : Bahasa dan Seni

Nama Lembaga                   : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Pembimbing                        : Dr. Ririe Rengganis, M.Hum

Tahun                                     : 2018

Kata Kunci : Karya sastra, refleksi, wacana, relasi kuasa, novel Animal Farm, Michel Foucault

                Karya sastra merupakan kekuatan fiktif dan imajinatif untuk merefleksikan gambaran sosial yang terjadi dalam kehidupan masyarakat secara langsung. Salah satu bentuk refleksi atas gambaran sosial tersebut memuat mengenai masalah-masalah yang terjadi di dalam masyarakat. Salah satunya adalah mengenai kekuasaan dan relasi kekuasaan. Kekuasaan bukan sekadar mengenai penindasan, kekerasan ataupun tindakan represif, sebaliknya kekuasaan bersifat terselubung melalui wacana-wacana  dan menimbulkan kontrol terhadap individu. Hal tersebut telah dijabarkan oleh Michel Foucault dalam perspektif wacana  kekuasaan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini mengkaji mengenai relasi kekuasaan yang terdapat dalam novel Animal Farm karya George Orwell menggunakan perspektif wacana Michel Foucault sebagai pisau bedah.

                Pemenelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan pendekatan mimesis. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas novel Animal Farm karya George Orwell tahun 2016 dan berita yang memuat mengenai masalah relasi kekuasaan sebagai bukti atas refleksi gambaran sosial yang terjadi dalam masyarakat. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa kutipan-kutipan kata, kalimat dan paragraph yang menunjukkan relasi kuasa dalam novel dan berita. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode pustaka. Metode analisi data yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif analisis.

                Hasil penelitian yang ditemuka dalam novel Animal Farm karya George Orwell yaitu, 1) Media penyebaran kuasa yang ditemukan dalam novel Animal Farm karya George Orwell berupa budaya, negara, dan lembaga. Media penyebaran kuasa melalui budaya berupa lagu, penetapan hari peringatan, dan penggolongan tubuh. Media penyebaran kuasa melalui negara berupa penetapan suatu peraturan, dan militer. Sedangkan media penyebaran kuasa melalui lembaga berupa rumah sakit dan pengadilan, 2) bentuk relasi kuasa dalam novel Animal Farm karya George Orwell ada dua, yaitu bentuk relasi kuasa atas pemikiran dan bentuk relasi kuasa atas tubuh. Bentuk relasi kuasa atas pikiran dalam novel Animal Farm karya George Orwell berupa stigmatisasi, kontrol, dan manipulasi. Bentuk relasi kuasa atas tubuh sosial dan seksual atau individu. 3) terdapat perlawanan terhadap representasi kuasa. Perlawanan tersebut berupa pengafirmasian dan resistensi. Pengafirmasian ditunjukan melalui tindakan setelah adanya wacana yang digulirkan yaitu dengan menerima wacana tersebut serta melakukan tindakan sesuai dengan wacana tersebut, sedangkan resistensi ditunjukkan dengan tindakan penolakan mengenai wacana tersebut, penolakan berupa tindakan penolakan secara langsung serta tindakan penolakan melalui tubuh yang tidak menjalankan sesuai wacana tersebut. 4) terdapat representasi wacana kekuasaan yang dibangun masyarakat dalam perspektif Michel Foucault pada novel Animal Farm karya George Orwell. Bentuk relasi kekuasaan yang terdapat pada novel berupa relasi kuasa atas pikiran dan tubuh ditemukan juga di kehidupan masyarakat. Dengan demikian dapat disipulkan bahwa novel Animal Farm karya George Orwell merupakan cerminan atas kehidupan masyarakat.

ABSTRACT

The discourse of power

In the animal farm novel by George Orwell

Foucault’s discourse perspective

Student name                                     : Verica Putri Rahma Anggraeni

SRN                                                       : 13020074029

Major                                                     : Indonesian language and art education / Indonesian language and art

Faculty                                                  : Language and Art

University                                            : State University of Surabaya 

Advisor                                                : Dr. Ririe Rengganis, M.Hum

Year                                                       : 2018

Keywords: reflection, discourse, power relation, Animal Farm novel, Michel Foucault

                Artwork is a fictive and imaginative power to reflect social picture which happened within society live directly. One of reflection forms of those social picture contained about problems which occurred in the community. One of them is power and its relation. Power not merely about oppression, violence, or repressive act, conversely power have covert nature through discourses and incite control to individual. It was outlined by Michael Foucault in the power discourse perspective. Based on those perspective, this research studying power relation which contained in animal farm novel by George Orwell using Foucault’s discourse perspective as the analysis tool.      

                This was a qualitative research using mimetic approach. Data source in this research were animal farm novel by George Orwell year 2016 and news that contained about power relation as an evidence of social picture which occurred in society. Data in this research was in the form of word quotes, sentence and paragraph that showed the power relation between novel and news. Data collecting method that applied was documentation method. Data analysis method that used was descriptive analysis method. 

Research finding that found in the Animal Farm novel by George Orwell were: 1) the media of power dispersion that found out in the Animal Farm novel by George Orwell were culture, country and institution. Power dispersion media through culture such as song, commemoration days, and body classification. Power dispersion media through country was rule decision, and military. While Power dispersion media through institution were from hospital and court. 2) The form of power relation in the Animal Farm novel by George Orwell were two, namely power relation of mind and for body. The form of power relation of mind in the Animal Farm novel by George Orwell can be a stigmatization, control and manipulation. The form of power relation of body was social and sexual or individual. 3) There was a resistance to power representation. Those resistance was in the form of affirmation and resistance. Affirmation showed by act after discourse have released namely by receive those discourse and performed an act based on the discourse, while resistance showed by refuse action concerning the discourse, the refusal was in a directly act and through body that not worked based on those discourse. 4) There was a power discourse representation that build by society in Foucault’s perspective in the Animal Farm novel by George Orwell. The form of power relation that contained in novel namely power relation of mind and body also found out in the society life. Thus, it can be conclude that Animal Farm novel by George Orwell is a reflection of society life.             

ABSTRAK

WACANA KEKUASAAN

DALAM NOVEL ANIMAL FARM KARYA GEORGE ORWELL:

PERSPEKTIF WACANA MICHEL FOUCAULT

Nama Mahasiswa                                : Verica Putri Rahma Anggraeni

Nim                                        : 13020074029

Prodi/Jurusan                      : S-1 Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra                                                                    Indonesia/Bahasa dan Sastra                                                                                   Indonesia

Fakultas                                 : Bahasa dan Seni

Nama Lembaga                   : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Pembimbing                        : Dr. Ririe Rengganis, M.Hum

Tahun                                     : 2018

Kata Kunci : Karya sastra, refleksi, wacana, relasi kuasa, novel Animal Farm, Michel Foucault

                Karya sastra merupakan kekuatan fiktif dan imajinatif untuk merefleksikan gambaran sosial yang terjadi dalam kehidupan masyarakat secara langsung. Salah satu bentuk refleksi atas gambaran sosial tersebut memuat mengenai masalah-masalah yang terjadi di dalam masyarakat. Salah satunya adalah mengenai kekuasaan dan relasi kekuasaan. Kekuasaan bukan sekadar mengenai penindasan, kekerasan ataupun tindakan represif, sebaliknya kekuasaan bersifat terselubung melalui wacana-wacana  dan menimbulkan kontrol terhadap individu. Hal tersebut telah dijabarkan oleh Michel Foucault dalam perspektif wacana  kekuasaan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini mengkaji mengenai relasi kekuasaan yang terdapat dalam novel Animal Farm karya George Orwell menggunakan perspektif wacana Michel Foucault sebagai pisau bedah.

                Pemenelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan pendekatan mimesis. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas novel Animal Farm karya George Orwell tahun 2016 dan berita yang memuat mengenai masalah relasi kekuasaan sebagai bukti atas refleksi gambaran sosial yang terjadi dalam masyarakat. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa kutipan-kutipan kata, kalimat dan paragraph yang menunjukkan relasi kuasa dalam novel dan berita. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode pustaka. Metode analisi data yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif analisis.

                Hasil penelitian yang ditemuka dalam novel Animal Farm karya George Orwell yaitu, 1) Media penyebaran kuasa yang ditemukan dalam novel Animal Farm karya George Orwell berupa budaya, negara, dan lembaga. Media penyebaran kuasa melalui budaya berupa lagu, penetapan hari peringatan, dan penggolongan tubuh. Media penyebaran kuasa melalui negara berupa penetapan suatu peraturan, dan militer. Sedangkan media penyebaran kuasa melalui lembaga berupa rumah sakit dan pengadilan, 2) bentuk relasi kuasa dalam novel Animal Farm karya George Orwell ada dua, yaitu bentuk relasi kuasa atas pemikiran dan bentuk relasi kuasa atas tubuh. Bentuk relasi kuasa atas pikiran dalam novel Animal Farm karya George Orwell berupa stigmatisasi, kontrol, dan manipulasi. Bentuk relasi kuasa atas tubuh sosial dan seksual atau individu. 3) terdapat perlawanan terhadap representasi kuasa. Perlawanan tersebut berupa pengafirmasian dan resistensi. Pengafirmasian ditunjukan melalui tindakan setelah adanya wacana yang digulirkan yaitu dengan menerima wacana tersebut serta melakukan tindakan sesuai dengan wacana tersebut, sedangkan resistensi ditunjukkan dengan tindakan penolakan mengenai wacana tersebut, penolakan berupa tindakan penolakan secara langsung serta tindakan penolakan melalui tubuh yang tidak menjalankan sesuai wacana tersebut. 4) terdapat representasi wacana kekuasaan yang dibangun masyarakat dalam perspektif Michel Foucault pada novel Animal Farm karya George Orwell. Bentuk relasi kekuasaan yang terdapat pada novel berupa relasi kuasa atas pikiran dan tubuh ditemukan juga di kehidupan masyarakat. Dengan demikian dapat disipulkan bahwa novel Animal Farm karya George Orwell merupakan cerminan atas kehidupan masyarakat.

ABSTRACT

The discourse of power

In the animal farm novel by George Orwell

Foucault’s discourse perspective

Student name                                     : Verica Putri Rahma Anggraeni

SRN                                                       : 13020074029

Major                                                     : Indonesian language and art education / Indonesian language and art

Faculty                                                  : Language and Art

University                                            : State University of Surabaya 

Advisor                                                : Dr. Ririe Rengganis, M.Hum

Year                                                       : 2018

Keywords: reflection, discourse, power relation, Animal Farm novel, Michel Foucault

                Artwork is a fictive and imaginative power to reflect social picture which happened within society live directly. One of reflection forms of those social picture contained about problems which occurred in the community. One of them is power and its relation. Power not merely about oppression, violence, or repressive act, conversely power have covert nature through discourses and incite control to individual. It was outlined by Michael Foucault in the power discourse perspective. Based on those perspective, this research studying power relation which contained in animal farm novel by George Orwell using Foucault’s discourse perspective as the analysis tool.      

                This was a qualitative research using mimetic approach. Data source in this research were animal farm novel by George Orwell year 2016 and news that contained about power relation as an evidence of social picture which occurred in society. Data in this research was in the form of word quotes, sentence and paragraph that showed the power relation between novel and news. Data collecting method that applied was documentation method. Data analysis method that used was descriptive analysis method. 

Research finding that found in the Animal Farm novel by George Orwell were: 1) the media of power dispersion that found out in the Animal Farm novel by George Orwell were culture, country and institution. Power dispersion media through culture such as song, commemoration days, and body classification. Power dispersion media through country was rule decision, and military. While Power dispersion media through institution were from hospital and court. 2) The form of power relation in the Animal Farm novel by George Orwell were two, namely power relation of mind and for body. The form of power relation of mind in the Animal Farm novel by George Orwell can be a stigmatization, control and manipulation. The form of power relation of body was social and sexual or individual. 3) There was a resistance to power representation. Those resistance was in the form of affirmation and resistance. Affirmation showed by act after discourse have released namely by receive those discourse and performed an act based on the discourse, while resistance showed by refuse action concerning the discourse, the refusal was in a directly act and through body that not worked based on those discourse. 4) There was a power discourse representation that build by society in Foucault’s perspective in the Animal Farm novel by George Orwell. The form of power relation that contained in novel namely power relation of mind and body also found out in the society life. Thus, it can be conclude that Animal Farm novel by George Orwell is a reflection of society life.