Pengembangan, Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas Tes Diagnostik Five-Tier untuk Materi Getaran Harmonis Sederhana beserta Hasil Uji Coba Terbatasnya

Development, Validity and Reliability of Five-Tier Diagnostic Test for Simple Harmonic Motion Concept and The Limited Trial Result

Pada pembelajaran Fisika, banyak ditemukan siswa yang mengalami miskonsepsi, sebagai misal pada konsep Getaran Harmonis Sederhana (GHS). Miskonsepsi tersebut harus segera diidentifikasi menggunakan tes diagnostik, salah satunya berformat five-tier. Makalah ini melaporkan hasil pengembangan instrumen tes diagnostik five-tier untuk materi GHS, hasil uji validitas, reliabilitas dan uji coba terbatasnya kepada sejumlah siswa, mengingat instrumen semacam itu belum tersedia. Untuk itu metode research & development diadopsi. Diperoleh 16 butir soal yang siap diuji cobakan. Uji validitas meliputi validitas internal dan eksternal. Validitas internal dilakukan oleh dua orang Dosen Fisika UNESA yang ditunjuk. Validitas eksternal meliputi validitas isi dan konstruk. Validitas isi ditentukan berdasarkan % false positive (FP) dan false negative (FN) yang harus <10%. Validitas konstruk ditentukan berdasarkan korelasi Pearson Product Moment (rxy). Sedangkan reliabilitas ditentukan berdasarkan koefisien Alpha Cronbach (r11) dengan rteori= 0,413 (taraf signifikansi 5 %). Diperoleh FP=0,6 %, FN=2,4 %, rxy= 0,659 dan r11=0,869 sehingga instrumen tersebut valid dan reliabel. Uji coba terbatas menunjukkan bahwa setidaknya 50% dari total siswa uji mengalami lack of knowledge terhadap konsep GHS. Temuan ini sekaligus mengkonfirmasi bahwa Fisika adalah pelajaran yang sulit bagi siswa.

In learning Physics, it has been found that many students experienced misconceptions, for example in the Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) concept. These misconceptions must be identified immediately using diagnostic tests, one of which is in the five-tier format. This paper reports the results of the development of a five-tier diagnostic test instrument for SHM concept, the results of its validity, reliability and limited trials to a number of students, considering that such an instrument is not yet available. For this reason, the research & development method is adopted. There are 16 items that are ready to be tested. Validity test includes internal and external validity. Internal validity was carried out by two appointed UNESA Physics Lecturers. External validity includes content and construct validity. Content validity was determined based on the % of false positives (FP) and false negatives (FN) which must be <10%. Construct validity was determined based on Pearson Product Moment (rxy) correlation. While the reliability is determined based on the Cronbach Alpha coefficient (r11) with rtheory = 0.413 (5% significance level). The FP = 0.6%, FN = 2.4%, rxy = 0.659 and r11 = 0.869 so that the instrument is valid and reliable. The limited trial showed that at least 50% of the total students experienced a lack of knowledge on the SHM concept. These findings also confirm that physics is a difficult subject for students.