Biokontrol Mikoriza Glomus sp. Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produktivitas Kacang Merah (Phaseolus vulgaris) Terinfeksi Hawar Daun

Biocontrol of Mycorrhiza Glomus sp. on Growth and Productivity of Red Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) Infected by Leaf Blight

Kacang merah (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) merupakan sayuran yang banyak dikonsumsi namun mengalami fluktuasi produksi akibat serangan hawar daun (common bacteria blight). Pengendalian penyakit dengan bahan kimia menyebabkan dampak negatif sehingga diperlukan adanya alternatif menggunakan agen biologi yaitu mikoriza. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh mikoriza terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas kacang merah terserang hawar daun. Penelitian eksperimental ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan satu perlakuan dan empat taraf konsentrasi mikoriza (0 gram, 5 gram, 10 gram, dan 15 gram). Tanaman kacang merah berumur 10 HST diinokulasi mikoriza dan diinfeksi 5 ml Xanthomonas campestris pada bagian tajuk. Parameter penelitian adalah pertumbuhan yang meliputi  tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah bunga, berat basah, panjang akar, dan produktivitas yang meliputi jumlah dan berat polong, jumlah bintil akar, serta intensitas dan laju perkembangan penyakit yang diamati hingga 60 HST. Hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan Anova satu arah dilanjutkan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian mikoriza berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas kacang merah. Inokulasi mikoriza 10 dan 15 gram memberikan hasil terbaik dan tidak berbeda nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanaman, dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Perlakuan 15 gram mikoriza juga mampu meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman kacang merah terhadap infeksi hawar daun.

Red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a vegetable that is mostly consumed, but has fluctuated production due to leaf blight or common bacterial blight. Disease control with chemicals causes negative impacts so there needs to be an alternative using biological agents, one of which is mycorrhizal. This research aims to know the effect of mycorrhizal concentration on the growth and productivity of red beans infected by leaf blight. This experimental study used Randomized Block Design (RBD) with a treatment and four levels of mycorrhizal concentrations (0 grams, 5 grams, 10 grams, and 15 grams). Red bean plants aged 10 DAP were inoculated with mycorrhizae and infected with 5 ml of Xanthomonas campestris in the canopy. Research parameters were growth, which include plant height, number of leaves, number of flowers, wet weight, root length, and plant productivity, which include the number and weight of pods, the number of root nodules, as well as the intensity and rate of disease progression observed until 60 DAP. The result data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA and followed by Duncan’s test. The result showed that mycorrhizae significantly affected the growth and productivity of red beans. The best results were mycorrhizal inoculation of 10 and 15 grams gave but was not significantly different on plant growth and productivity, compared to other treatment. The treatment of 15 grams of mycorrhizal was also able to increase the resistance of red bean plants to leaf blight infection