RANCANG BANGUN MESIN CNC ROUTER PORTABEL 3 AXIS MENGGUNAKAN PERANGKAT LUNAK MACH-3
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 3-AXIS PORTABLE CNC ROUTER MACHINE USING MACH-3 SOFTWARE
Kemajuan teknologi di era modern mendorong efisiensi dan inovasi dalam industri manufaktur. Salah satunya adalah teknologi Computer Numerical Control (CNC). CNC berperan penting dalam produksi berpresisi tinggi, namun penerapannya di institusi pendidikan terkendala biaya dan ukuran mesin. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan membangun Mesin CNC Router portabel 3 axis sebagai solusi praktis dan terjangkau, guna meningkatkan keterampilan siswa dan mahasiswa serta mendukung industri yang mengutamakan efisiensi dan inovasi.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D) dengan tahapan pengembangan desain, pembuatan prototipe, uji coba, dan analisis data. Variasi kecepatan pemakanan (Feed rate) diuji pada tiga tingkat (50, 100, 150) untuk mengevaluasi pengaruhnya terhadap penyimpangan dimensi hasil, serta waktu pengerjaan. Mesin CNC Router portabel 3 axis ini dirancang untuk dapat bergerak dalam tiga sumbu, yaitu sumbu X, Y, dan Z, di mana Sumbu X mengatur pergerakan ke kiri dan kanan, sumbu Y mengatur pergerakan maju dan mundur, sedangkan sumbu Z mengatur pergerakan naik dan turun.
Mesin CNC Router portabel 3 axis yang dirancang memiliki sistem kendali berbasis Mach-3, menggunakan motor stepper nema 23 dengan driver TB6600, serta spindel motor 800W untuk memotong berbagai material seperti akrilik, kayu, dan aluminium lunak. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan Pada feed rate 50 mm/menit, menunjukan akurasi rata-rata sebesar 99,69% dengan waktu proses 5 menit 49 detik. Pada feed rate 100 mm/menit, diperoleh rata-rata akurasi sebesar 99,55% dengan waktu 2 menit 58 detik. Sedangkan pada feed rate 150 mm/menit, didapatkan rata-rata akurasi sebesar 99,51% dengan waktu proses 2 menit.
Kata Kunci: CNC Router, Mach-3, Motor Stepper, Portabel, 3 axis.
Technological advancements in the modern era drive efficiency and innovation in the manufacturing industry. One such advancement is Computer Numerical Control (CNC) technology. CNC plays a vital role in high-precision production; however, its application in educational institutions is often limited by the high cost and large size of the machines. This study aims to design and develop a 3-axis portable CNC router machine as a practical and affordable solution to enhance the skills of students and support industries that prioritize efficiency and innovation.
This research employs the Research and Development (R&D) method through stages of design development, prototype fabrication, testing, and data analysis. Variations in feed rate (50, 100, and 150 mm/min) were tested to evaluate their effect on dimensional deviation and processing time. The 3-axis portable CNC router is designed to move along three axes: the X-axis controls left and right movement, the Y-axis controls forward and backward movement, and the Z-axis controls upward and downward movement.
The designed 3-axis portable CNC router features a Mach-3 based control system, utilizing Nema 23 stepper motors with TB6600 drivers, and an 800W spindle motor capable of cutting materials such as acrylic, wood, and soft aluminum. The test results show that at a feed rate of 50 mm/min, the average accuracy reached 99.69% with a processing time of 5 minutes 49 seconds. At a feed rate of 100 mm/min, an average accuracy of 99.55% was achieved with a time of 2 minutes 58 seconds. At a feed rate of 150 mm/min, the average accuracy was 99.51% with a processing time of 2 minutes.
Keywords: CNC Router, Mach-3, Stepper Motor, Portable, 3 Axis.