Pengembangan Instrumen Tes Berbasis Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Terintegrasi Pemaknaan Tradisi Budaya Jawa Dalam Konteks Islam Materi Sistem Pencernaan

Development Test Instrument Based Critical Thinking Skills Integrated Meaning of Javanese Cultural Tradition in the Islamic Context Material Digestive System

Siswa dituntut memiliki kemampuan berpikir kritis di pembelajaran abad 21. Keterampilan berpikir kritis adalah proses berpikir menginterpretasi, menganalisis, memprediksi, menilai alasan logis, menguji argumen, dan pengambian keputusan terhadap fenomena masyarakat. Keterampilan berpikir kritis belum optimal disebabkan oleh siswa tidak mampu mengkaitkan konsep materi dan fenomena kehidupan. Selain itu, kurangnya kemampuan menyelesaikan masalah yang terdapat dalam alat evaluasi berbasis keterampilan berpikir kritis, sehingga siswa tidak terbiasa untuk mengerjakan butir soal berpikir kritis. Upaya terus menerus, terstruktur, dan terbimbing dalam proses pembelajaran yang melibatkan instrumen tes berbasis keterampilan berpikir kritis dapat melatihkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengembangkan instrumen tes berbasis kemampuan berpikir kritis melalui konteks tradisi budaya Jawa mengandung nilai Islam yang dinyatakan layak berdasarkan validitas teoritis dan empiris, serta mengukur keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Model pengembangan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah model pengembangan ADDIE. Instrumen tes yang dikembangkan diuji coba 50 siswa meliputi 25 siswa MA kelas XI di MA Darul Faizin, Catakgayam, Mojowarno, Jombang dan 25 siswa SMA Negeri Mojoagung, Jombang. Hasil penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Instrumen tes hasil pengembangan teridiri dari 27 butir soal berbentuk pilihan ganda dan esai yang memuat enam indikator keterampilan berpikir kritis serta tradisi budaya Jawa dalam konteks Islam yaitu ngrowot dan puasa ngeruh. 2) Berdasarkan validitas teoritis menunjukkan bahwa, hasil rata-rata validitas instrumen tes yang dikembangkan sebesar 96.67% dengan kategori sangat valid.  3) Berdasarkan validitas empiris menunjukkan bahwa, instrumen tes secara keseluruhan dikatakan valid untuk digunakan mengukur keterampilan berpikir kritis. 4) Berdasarkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa menunjukkan bahwa, hasil rata-rata keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa yaitu 41% dinyatakan kategori cukup baik, dimana indikator interpretation 67%, Analysis 58%, inference 47%, explanation 39% tergolong cukup baik, dan indikator evaluation serta self-regulation dalam kategori kurang baik secara bertutut-turut sebesar 27% dan 12%.  Berdasarkan hal tersebut, dapat disimpulakan bahwa instrumen tes yang dikembangkan layak digunakan untuk mengukur keterampilan berpikir kritis dan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa masih rendah sehingga perlu upaya untuk mengoptimalkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. 

Students are required to have critical thinking skills in 21st-century learning. Critical thinking skills are thinking processes of interpreting, analyzing, predicting, assessing logical reasons, testing arguments, and making decisions about societal phenomena. Critical thinking skills are not optimal because students are unable to relate material concepts and life phenomena. In addition, the lack of ability to solve problems contained in critical thinking skills-based evaluation tools, so students are not accustomed to working on critical thinking items. Continuous, structured, and guided efforts in the learning process involving test instruments based on critical thinking skills can train students' critical thinking skills. This research was conducted to develop a test instrument based on critical thinking skills through the context of Javanese cultural traditions containing Islamic values ​​which were declared feasible based on theoretical and empirical validity, as well as measuring students' critical thinking skills. The development model used in this study is the ADDIE development model. The developed test instrument was tested on 50 students including 25 students of class XI at MA Darul Faizin, Catakgayam, Mojowarno, Jombang, and 25 students of SMA Negeri Mojoagung, Jombang. The research results were analyzed descriptively quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed that: 1) The test instrument developed consisted of 27 multiple-choice questions and essays which contained six indicators of critical thinking skills and Javanese cultural traditions in the Islamic context, namely namely ngrowot  and  ngeruh fasting. 2) Based on theoretical validity, it shows that the average result of the validity of the developed test instrument is 96.67% with a very valid category. 3) Based on the empirical validity it shows that the test instrument as a whole is said to be valid to be used to measure critical thinking skills. 4) Based on students' critical thinking skills it shows that the average result of students' critical thinking skills is 41% which is stated in the quite good category, where the indicator interpretation is 67%, Analysis 58%, inference 47%, explanation 39% is quite good, and an indicator evaluation as well self-regulation in the less good category respectively by 27% and 12%. Based on this, it can be concluded that the developed test instrument is suitable for measuring critical thinking skills and students' critical thinking skills are still low, so efforts are needed to optimize students' critical thinking skills in the learning process.