ANALISIS DAMPAK SOSIAL DAN LINGKUNGAN SERTA PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PENAMBANGAN PASIR ILEGAL
DI DESA PENATARAN, KECAMATAN NGLEGOK, KABUPATEN BLITAR
ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF ILLEGAL SAND MINING IN PENATARAN VILLAGE, NGLEGOK DISTRICT, BLITAR REGENCY
ABSTRAK
Nama : Nova Kamelia Syazwana
NIM : 21040274024
Program Studi : S1 Pendidikan Geografi
Fakultas : Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik
Nama Lembaga : Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Pembimbing : Dr. Fahmi Fahrudin Fadirubun, M.Pd
Sumber daya alam yang ada di Indonesia menjadi komponen penting dalam lingkungan yang keberadaannya memiliki peran untuk keperluan memenuhi segala kebutuhan negara dan kemakmuran seluruh rakyat Pemanfaatan sumber daya alam yang bergerak dalam bidang usaha pertambangan mineral adalah aktivitas penambangan pasir sungai, aktivitas penambangan pasir memiliki dampak terhadap pekerja, masyarakat dan lingkungan sekitar lokasi penambangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak aktivitas penambangan pasir ilegal terhadap dampak sosial dan dampak lingkungan serta persepsi masyarakat terhadap penambangan pasir ilegal di Desa Penataran, Kabupaten Blitar. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif.
Sumber data penelitian menggunakan data primer dari hasil pengisian kuesioner yang sudah dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas dan data sekunder berasal dari jurnal dan artikel. Teknik pengumpulan data merupakan cara dalam mengumpulkan data atau informasi yang dibutuhkan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner yang disebarkan langsung kepada masyarakat, teknik pengukuran data menggunakan skala likert untuk mengukur pendapat masyarakat tentang dampak sosial dan lingkungan yang telah mereka rasakan akibat dari adanya aktivitas penambangan pasir ilegal serta mengukur sikap atau persepsi masyarakat terhadap aktivitas penambangan pasir ilegal berdasarkan dampak yang telah mereka rasakan. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis data yaitu uji statistik deskriptif kuantitatif dan uji kendall’s tau, setelah melakukan uji statistik deskriptif kuantitatif dideskripsikan berdasarkan kategori TCR (tingkat capaian responden) dan penentuan kriteria koefisien korelasi kendalls tau menggunakan p > 0,05 H0 diterima H1 ditolak, p < 0,05 H0 ditolak H1 diterima.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konflik sosial antara pekerja tambang dengan aparat pemerintah sering terjadi dan diketahui oleh masyarakat Dusun Pacuh daripada konflik antar warga dengan pekerja tambang, konflik sosial yang terjadi antara pekerja dengan aparat pemerintah didasari atau terjadi karena adanya selisih faham dan perbedaan kepentingan. Selain itu dampak terhadap perekonomian dan pengurangan kemiskinan tidak dirasakan masyarakat secara mereta hanya kelompok masyarakat tertentu, yang berkecimpung pada pekerjaan tersebut dan warga yang membuka warung makan atau toko kelontong sehingga merasa diuntungkan, begitupun dengan dampak penambangan pasir ilegal terhadap penambahan lapangan pekerjaan dan pengurangan pengangguran juga masih terbatas terhadap masyarakat hanya kelompok masyarakat tertentu, masyarakat yang memiliki kesadaran Dampak aktivitas penambangan pasir ilegal terhadap kondisi lingkungan masyarakat menyebabkan pencemaran debu yang berakibat masyarakat merasakan gangguan pernafasan dan penglihatan, mengakibatkan tanaman kering dan rumah menjadi kotor. Terdapat hubungan antara persepsi setuju atau tidak adanya penambangan pasir, yakni tingkat pendidikan yang lebih tinggi
cenderung menolak atau kurang setuju dengan keberadaan aktivitas penambangan pasir ilegal di Dusun Pacuh.
Kata Kunci : Penambangan pasir ilegal, dampak sosial, dampak lingkungan, persepsi masyarakat.
ABSTRACT
ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF ILLEGAL SAND MINING IN PENTARAN VILLAGE, NGLEGOK DISTICT, BLITAR REGENCY
Name : Nova Kamelia Syazwana
Study Program : S1 Bachelor of Geography Education
Faculty : Faculty of Social Science and Political Science
Name of Institution : State University of Surabaya
Advisor : Dr. Fahmi Fahrudin Fadirubun, M.Pd
Natural resources in Indonesia are a crucial component of the environment, playing a vital role in meeting national needs and supporting the prosperity of all citizens. One form of natural resource utilization is through mineral mining activities, such as river sand mining. These activities have significant impacts on workers, local communities, and the surrounding environment. This study aims to examine the social and environmental impacts of illegal sand mining activities, as well as to analyze public perceptions of these activities in Penataran Village, Blitar Regency. The research employs a descriptive quantitative approach. Primary data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires that had been tested for validity and reliability, while secondary data were obtained from scientific journals and articles.
The research data sources consist of primary data obtained from questionnaire responses, which had undergone validity and reliability testing, and secondary data obtained from journals and scientific articles. The data collection technique used in this study involved distributing questionnaires directly to the community. A Likert scale was used as the measurement technique to assess public opinion on the social and environmental impacts they have experienced as a result of illegal sand mining activities, as well as to evaluate public attitudes or perceptions toward such activities based on those impacts. The data analysis techniques employed in this study include descriptive quantitative statistical analysis and Kendall’s Tau correlation test. After conducting the descriptive quantitative statistical test, the results were interpreted based on the Respondent Achievement Level (TCR) category. The criteria for determining the Kendall’s Tau correlation coefficient are as follows: p > 0.05 means H₀ is accepted and H₁ is rejected; p < 0.05 means H₀ is rejected and H₁ is accepted.
The results indicate that social conflicts between mining workers and government authorities occur frequently and are more widely recognized by residents of Pacuh Hamlet compared to conflicts between local residents and mining workers. These conflicts are generally rooted in misunderstandings and conflicting interests. Additionally, the economic benefits and poverty reduction resulting from sand mining activities are not evenly felt by the community, but rather are limited to certain groups, such as those directly involved in the mining or those who operate food stalls or small shops, who feel economically advantaged. Similarly, the increase in employment opportunities and reduction of unemployment caused by illegal sand mining are still limited to specific community groups. The environmental impact of illegal sand mining on local communities includes dust pollution, which leads to respiratory and vision problems, causes plants to wither, and results in dirtier homes. Furthermore, there is a relationship between public perception—either in agreement or disagreement with sand mining—and education level; individuals with higher levels of education tend to reject or disagree with the presence of illegal sand mining activities in Pacuh Hamlet.
Keywords: Illegal sand mining, social impact, environmental impact,public perception