PENGARUH METODE LATIHAN MASSED PRACTICE DAN DISTRIBUTED PRACTICE TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN DAN OTOMATISASI SHOOTING PADA OLAHRAGA PETANQUE
THE EFFECTS OF MASSED PRACTICE AND DISTRIBUTED PRACTICE TRAINING METHODS ON SHOOTING SKILLS AND SHOOTING AUTOMATION IN PETANQUE
Halip, Muhammad Firman. 2025. Pengaruh Metode Latihan Massed Practice dan Distributed Practice terhadap Keterampilan dan Otomatisasi Shooting pada Olahraga Petanque. Disertasi, Program Studi S3 Ilmu Keolahragaan, Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan dan Kesehatan, Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Pembimbing (I) Prof. Dr. Nurhasan, M.Kes., dan (II) Prof. Dr. Nurkholis, M.Pd.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh metode latihan massed practice dan distributed practice terhadap keterampilan shooting dan otomatisasi shooting dalam olahraga Petanque. Keterampilan shooting dan otomatisasi merupakan komponen fundamental yang menentukan performa atlet dalam nomor precision shooting, sehingga diperlukan model latihan yang efektif untuk meningkatkan konsistensi dan akurasi tembakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimen pretest–posttest control group design dengan melibatkan 30 atlet yang dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok: massed practice, distributed practice, dan kontrol. Instrumen keterampilan shooting diukur menggunakan tes Precision Shooting yang diadaptasi dari Peraturan Resmi Fédération Internationale de Pétanque et Jeu Provençal (FIPJP) (2020). Sementara itu, otomatisasi shooting diukur melalui Tes Otomatisasi Shooting berbasis 60 kali tembakan pada jarak 6–9 meter menggunakan sistem skor FIPJP (0, 1, 3, 5). Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan ANOVA dua jalur mixed design untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu, kelompok, serta interaksi keduanya.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan signifikan antara pretest dan posttest pada seluruh kelompok, baik untuk keterampilan shooting maupun otomatisasi shooting. Namun demikian, tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antar kelompok massed practice, distributed practice, dan kontrol berdasarkan uji between-subjects effects. Meskipun peningkatan skor massed practice dan distributed practice secara numerik lebih tinggi dibanding kelompok kontrol, perbedaannya belum mencapai signifikansi statistik. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa kedua metode latihan tersebut efektif meningkatkan performa shooting, tetapi tidak ada metode yang terbukti lebih unggul secara statistik dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini memberikan implikasi bahwa pelatih Petanque dapat menggunakan kedua pendekatan tersebut secara fleksibel sesuai kebutuhan program latihan dan karakteristik atlet.
Kata kunci: massed practice, distributed practice, keterampilan shooting, otomatisasi shooting, Petanque.
Halip, Muhammad Firman. 2025. The Effects of Massed Practice and Distributed Practice Training Methods on Shooting Skills and Shooting Automation in Petanque. Dissertation, Doctoral Program in Sport Science, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Surabaya State University. Supervisor (I) Prof. Dr. Nurhasan, M.Kes., and (II) Prof. Dr. Nurkholis, M.Pd.
This study aims to analyze the effects of massed practice and distributed practice training methods on shooting skills and shooting automation in the sport of Petanque. Shooting skills and movement automation are fundamental components that determine athlete performance in the precision shooting event, thereby requiring effective training models to improve consistency and accuracy. This research employed a pretest–posttest control group experimental design involving 30 athletes divided into three groups: massed practice, distributed practice, and control. Shooting skills were measured using the Precision Shooting Test adapted from the Official Regulations of the Fédération Internationale de Pétanque et Jeu Provençal (FIPJP) (2020). Meanwhile, shooting automation was assessed using the Shooting Automation Test consisting of 60 shots at distances of 6–9 meters using the FIPJP scoring system (0, 1, 3, 5). Data were analyzed using a mixed-design two-way ANOVA to examine the effects of time, group, and their interaction.
The results indicate a significant improvement between pretest and posttest scores across all groups, both for shooting skills and shooting automation. However, there were no significant differences between the massed practice, distributed practice, and control groups based on the between-subjects effects analysis. Although the massed practice and distributed practice groups showed higher numerical improvements compared to the control group, the differences were not statistically significant. These findings suggest that both training methods are effective in enhancing shooting performance, yet neither method demonstrated statistical superiority in this study. This research implies that Petanque coaches may apply both approaches flexibly, based on training needs and athlete characteristics.
Keywords: massed practice, distributed practice, shooting skills, shooting automation, Petanque.