Motif Perilaku Tantrum Penerima Manfaat Mengikuti Bimbingan Keagamaan di Balai Pelayanan dan Rehabilitasi Sosial Penyandang Masalah Kesejahteraan Sosial (PRS PMKS) Sidoarjo

Motives of Tantrum Behavior Among Beneficiaries in Religious Guidance Programs at the Social Service and Rehabilitation Center for People with Social Welfare Problems (PRS PMKS) Sidoarjo

Penelitian ini mengkaji motif perilaku tantrum penerima manfaat dalam mengikuti bimbingan keagamaan di Balai Pelayanan dan Rehabilitasi Sosial Penyandang Masalah Kesejahteraan Sosial (PRS PMKS) Sidoarjo. Perilaku tantrum yang muncul selama kegiatan bimbingan keagamaan kerap dipahami sebagai gangguan atau bentuk ketidakpatuhan, padahal dalam perspektif sosiologi perilaku tersebut dapat dipahami sebagai tindakan sosial yang memiliki motif subjektif. Setiap individu bertindak tidak semata-mata karena dorongan emosional spontan, melainkan dipengaruhi oleh pengalaman hidup, kondisi sosial, serta interaksi dengan struktur lembaga rehabilitasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode fenomenologi sosial. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi pasif (observer-as-participant), wawancara mendalam dengan penerima manfaat dan pembimbing keagamaan, serta dokumentasi kegiatan bimbingan keagamaan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan, serta diperdalam melalui pendekatan interpretative understanding (verstehen) dalam teori tindakan sosial Max Weber. Keabsahan data dijaga melalui triangulasi sumber dan teknik member checking. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perilaku tantrum penerima manfaat tidak muncul tanpa alasan, melainkan didorong oleh motif yang beragam. Motif tersebut meliputi dorongan emosional akibat pengalaman masa lalu dan trauma keluarga, penyesuaian terhadap rutinitas dan aturan lembaga, pertimbangan rasional terkait manfaat praktis kegiatan, serta kesadaran nilai religius dan moral. Perilaku tantrum dapat dipahami sebagai bentuk komunikasi sosial, resistensi halus, dan upaya individu dalam menegosiasikan diri dengan struktur sosial Balai. Dengan demikian, perilaku tantrum merupakan tindakan sosial yang bermakna dan mencerminkan dinamika hubungan antara individu, nilai keagamaan, dan sistem rehabilitasi sosial.

Kata kunci: perilaku tantrum, motif sosial, tindakan sosial, bimbingan keagamaan, penerima manfaat

This study explores the motives underlying tantrum behavior among beneficiaries participating in religious guidance programs at the Social Service and Rehabilitation Center for People with Social Welfare Problems (PRS PMKS) in Sidoarjo. Tantrum behavior observed during religious guidance activities is often interpreted as disruptive behavior or noncompliance. However, from a sociological perspective, such behavior can be understood as social action driven by subjective motives. Individual actions are not merely spontaneous emotional reactions, but are influenced by life experiences, social conditions, and interactions within the institutional structure of social rehabilitation. This research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach using a social phenomenological method. Data were collected through passive observation (observer-as-participant), in-depth interviews with beneficiaries and religious instructors, and documentation of religious guidance activities. Data analysis was carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, and was further interpreted using the interpretative understanding (verstehen) approach within Max Weber’s social action theory. Data credibility was ensured through source triangulation and member checking. The findings reveal that tantrum behavior among beneficiaries arises from various motives. These include emotional impulses related to past experiences and family trauma, adjustment to institutional routines and regulations, rational considerations of the practical benefits of activities, as well as internalized religious and moral values. Tantrum behavior functions as a form of social communication, subtle resistance, and an individual strategy for negotiating personal identity within the social structure of the rehabilitation center. Therefore, tantrum behavior should be understood as meaningful social action reflecting the dynamic interaction between individuals, religious values, and the social rehabilitation system.

Keywords: tantrum behavior, social motives, social action, religious guidance, beneficiaries