Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Burung Air di Kawasan Mangrove Pesisir Selatan Bangkalan Madura

Diversity and Abundance of Waterbirds in the Mangrove Area of the South Coast of Bangkalan Madura

Kawasan mangrove pesisir selatan Bangkalan Madura merupakan kawasan penting sebagai habitat burung terutama bagi burung air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan burung air, serta daya dukung lingkungan di kawasan mangrove pesisir selatan Bangkalan Madura. Sampling dilakukan dengan pendekatan birdwatching di empat stasiun penelitan. Keanekaragaman burung air dianalisis dengan indeks keanekaragaman rumus Shannon-Wienner, sedangkan kelimpahan burung air dihitung berdasarkan indeks kelimpahan. Daya dukung lingkungan dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 15 spesies burung air di kawasan mangrove yang berasal dari 5 famili yang termasuk dalam 4 ordo yaitu Charadriiformes, Ciconiiformes, Pelecaniformes, dan Suliformes, dengan indeks keanekaragaman sebesar 1,547. Burung air yang melimpah terdapat tiga spesies burung yaitu kuntul kecil (Egretta garzetta), blekok sawah (Ardeola speciosa), dan cangak besar (Ardea alba). Selain itu, di kawasan ini juga ditemukan burung sebanyak 9 spesies burung selain burung air. Kawasan yang bermangrove lebat menyediakan daya dukung habitat yang lebih baik untuk kehidupan burung air, dibandingkan kawasan pesisir yang lain.

Kata kunci: burung migran, Egretta garzetta, Ardeidae, lahan basah

The southern coastal mangrove area of Bangkalan Madura is an important area as a bird habitat, especially for water birds. This study aimed to analyze the diversity and abundance of water birds, as well as the environmental carrying capacity of the southern coastal mangrove area of Bangkalan Madura. Sampling was carried out using a birdwatching approach at four research stations. The diversity of waterbirds was analyzed using the Shannon-Wienner diversity index, while the abundance of waterbirds was calculated based on the abundance index. Environmental carrying capacity was analyzed descriptive-quantitatively. The results showed that there were 15 species of water birds in the mangrove area from 5 families included in 4 orders, namely Charadriiformes, Ciconiiformes, Pelecaniformes, and Suliformes, with a diversity index of 1.547. There were three abundant species of waterbirds, namely the little egret (Egretta garzetta), javan pond-heron (Ardeola speciosa), and great egret (Ardea alba). In addition to water birds, there nine bird species in this area. Areas with dense mangroves provide better habitat carrying capacity for waterbirds, compared to other coastal areas.

Keywords: migrant birds, Egretta garzetta, Ardeidae, wetland