Pengembangan Buku Ensiklopedi Budaya Visual Ponoragan Sebagai Sumber Literasi Kebudayaan

Development of Ponoragan Visual Culture Encyclopaedia Book as a Source of Cultural Literacy

Wilayah kebudayaan Ponoragan yang secara administratif berada di Kabupaten Ponorogo, memiliki beragam hasil kebudayaan berupa objek-objek budaya visual. Melalui pengamatan, survei, dan pengalaman pribadi penulis yang menjadi bagian dari masyarakat etnik Ponoragan, masih menemukan beberapa permasalahan yaitu minimnya pengetahuan masyarakat dan ketersediaan sumber-sumber literasi kebudayaan. Hal ini jika dibiarkan terus menerus akan dapat memutus proses pewarisan pengetahuan kebudayaan masyarakat Ponorogo yang sekaligus juga berdampak pada terdegradasinya identitas etnik masyarakat Ponoragan di masa mendatang. Maka solusinya diperlukan adanya sebuah media literasi kebudayaan bagi masyarakat yang dirancang melalui penelitian pengembangan. Tujuannya untuk menghasilkan sebuah buku ensiklopedi budaya visual Ponoragan yang berkualitas baik secara materi, kebahasaan, dan desain visual, serta layak digunakan sebagai bagi masyarakat.

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengacu pada model pengembangan pada 4-D oleh Thiagarajan. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawacara, dokumentasi, dan angket. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan berlandaskan teori kebudayaan, budaya visual, ikonografi, serta konsep-konsep terkait ensiklopedi visual, literasi kebudayaan, dan literasi visual.

Hasil penelitian ini meliputi: (1) Proses penelitian ini telah dilakukan berdasarkan prosedur penelitian pengembangan model 4-D yaitu tahap pendefinisian, perancangan, pengembangan, dan penyebaran yang dilakukan di luar penelitian. Produk yang telah berhasil dikembangkan berupa buku cetak dan e-book berjudul Ensiklopedi Budaya Visual Ponoragan. Buku ini terdiri dari 268 halaman yang terbagi menjadi 6 bab dengan pembahasan terkait budaya visual dalam kesenian-kesenian Ponoragan, alat musik tradisional Ponoragan, pakaian tradisional Ponoragan, artefak peninggalan-peninggalan zaman Hindu-Budha di Ponorogo, berbagai karya seni patung, gapura, monumen di Ponorogo, dan motif-motif batik khas Ponoragan. (2) Berdasarkan tinjauan para ahli telah mendapatkan skor penilaian kualitas materi 97%, kualitas kebahasaan 90%, dan kualitas desain visual 97%. (3) Berdasarkan hasil uji kelayakan melalui penyebaran angket kepada 20 orang sampel responden (terdiri dari akademisi, seniman, sejarawan, budayawan, guru seni budaya, pelajar, mahasiswa, masyarakat umum lainnya), produk ini mendapatkan skor akumulatif 96%. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian yang telah dilakukan, maka produk Ennsiklopedi Budaya Visual Ponoragan ini dapat dikategorikan sangat berkualitas dan sangat layak untuk digunakan sebagai sumber literasi kebudayaan bagi masyarakat.

Kata Kunci: Ensiklopedi, Budaya Visual, Ponoragan, Literasi Kebudayaan

The Ponoragan cultural area, which is administratively located in Ponorogo Regency, has a variety of cultural products in the form of visual cultural objects. Through observations, surveys, and personal experiences of the author who is part of the Ponoragan ethnic community, there are still several problems, namely the lack of public knowledge and the availability of cultural literacy sources. This, if left unchecked, will break the process of inheriting the cultural knowledge of the Ponorogo community, which will also have an impact on the degradation of the ethnic identity of the Ponoragan community in the future. So, the solution is the need for a cultural literacy media for the community designed through development research. The aim is to produce a visual cultural encyclopaedia book of Ponoragan that is of good quality in terms of material, language, and visual design, and is suitable for use by the community.

This research was conducted by referring to the 4-D development model by Thiagarajan. Data collection techniques were carried out by observation, interviews, documentation, and questionnaires. This research was conducted based on the theory of culture, visual culture, iconography, and concepts related to visual encyclopaedia, cultural literacy, and visual literacy.

The results of this research include: (1) This research process has been carried out based on the 4-D model development research procedures, namely the defining, designing, developing, and disseminating stages carried out outside the research. The product that has been successfully developed is a printed book and e-book entitled Visual Culture Encyclopaedia of Ponoragan. This book consists of 268 pages divided into 6 chapters with discussions related to visual culture in Ponoragan arts, Ponoragan traditional musical instruments, Ponoragan traditional clothing, artefacts of Hindu-Buddhist era relics in Ponorogo, various sculptural artworks, gates, monuments in Ponorogo, and typical Ponoragan batik motifs. (2) Based on the experts' review, the material quality score was 97%, the linguistic quality was 90%, and the visual design quality was 97%. (3) Based on the results of the feasibility test through distributing questionnaires to 20 sample respondents (consisting of academics, artists, historians, cultural experts, cultural arts teachers, students, students, and another general public), this product received an accumulative score of 96%. Based on the results of the assessment that has been carried out, this Ponoragan Visual Culture Encyclopaedia product can be categorised as highly qualified and very feasible to be used as a source of cultural literacy for the community.

Keywords: Encyclopaedia, Visual Culture, Ponoragan, Cultural Literacy