Pengembangan  Media Interaktif Berbasis Augmented Reality (AR) Etnomatematika untuk Meningkatkan Spatial Abilities  dan Citizenship Siswa pada Materi Bangun Ruang Kelas V  Sekolah Dasar

Development of Interactive Media Based on Augmented Reality (AR) Ethnomathematics to Improve Students' Spatial Abilities and Citizenship in the Material of Spatial Buildings in Grade V Elementary School

Penelitian ini mengembangkan dan menguji media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis Augmented Reality (AR) berorientasi etnomatematika menggunakan platform Google Sites untuk meningkatkan kemampuan spasial (spatial abilities) dan karakter gotong royong (citizenship) siswa kelas V SD pada materi bangun ruang sisi datar (kubus, balok, prisma segitiga, dan limas segi empat) yang dikaitkan dengan struktur rumah tradisi Sambatan di Kabupaten Nganjuk. Penelitian menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D) model ADDIE dengan subjek uji coba skala kecil sebanyak 10 siswa dan uji skala lapangan sebanyak 20 siswa melalui desain one group pretest–posttest. Produk yang dihasilkan, bernama Marbel Baru (Mari Belajar Bangun Ruang), divalidasi oleh ahli materi (95,5%), ahli media (92,5%), dan ahli bahasa (91,1%) dan dinyatakan sangat valid. Hasil uji efektivitas menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan kemampuan spasial berdasarkan teori Van Hiele dan peningkatan karakter gotong royong dari kategori sedang ke tinggi. Uji beda (t-test) menunjukkan nilai Sig. 0,001, sehingga terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara hasil pretest dan posttest. Analisis N-Gain mengonfirmasi efektivitas tinggi media, yaitu 83,7% untuk spatial abilities dan 80,77% untuk citizenship. Dengan demikian, Marbel Baru dinyatakan valid dan sangat efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan spasial serta karakter gotong royong siswa sekolah dasar.

Kata Kunci: Augmented Reality, Etnomatematika, Spatial Abilities, Citizenship, Sambatan.

This study developed and evaluated an interactive Augmented Reality (AR)–based ethnomathematics learning media using Google Sites to enhance fifth-grade elementary students’ spatial abilities and citizenship values, particularly the character of mutual cooperation, in learning polyhedron concepts (cube, rectangular prism , triangular prism, and square pyramid) connected to the traditional Sambatan house structure in Nganjuk Regency. The research employed the ADDIE Research and Development (R&D) model with 10 students in a small-scale trial and 20 students in a field trial using a one-group pretest–posttest design. The resulting product, Marbel Baru (Mari Belajar Bangun Ruang), received expert validation from material experts (95.5%), media experts (92.5%), and language experts (91.1%), indicating a very high level of validity. The effectiveness test showed significant improvement in students’ spatial abilities based on Van Hiele’s geometric thinking theory and an increase in citizenship values from the medium to the high category. The t-test results revealed a Sig. value 0.001, indicating a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores. The N-Gain analysis further confirmed the high effectiveness of the media, with an N-Gain score of 83.7% for spatial abilities and 80.77% for citizenship. Therefore, Marbel Baru is considered valid and highly effective in improving elementary school students’ spatial abilities and mutual cooperation character.

Keywords: Augmented Reality, Ethnomathematics, Spatial Ability, Citizenship, Sambatan.