Hubungan Asupan Energi-Protein dengan Status Gizi pada Balita Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) di Puskesmas Mulyorejo Surabaya

Relationship between Energy-Protein Intake and Nutritional Status in Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections (ARI) at Mulyorejo Community Health Center, Surabaya

Penyebab langsung status gizi adalah asupan makanan dan penyakit infeksi. Asupan makanan yang tidak tecukupi akan mempengaruhi penurunan asupan zat gizi seperti energi dan protein dalam tubuh. Energi merupakan hasil metabolisme karbohidrat, lemak, dan protein yang berfungsi sebagai zat tenaga untuk metabolisme, protein berperan dalam pembentukan antibody dalam tubuh sehingga tubuh tidak mudah terserang penyakit infeksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan energi dan protein dengan status gizi pada balita infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) di Puskesmas Mulyorejo Surabaya.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif korelatif dengan desain cross sectional study. Tempat penelitian dilaksanakan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mulyorejo dengan responden ibu atau pengasuh balita dan balita ISPA yang terdaftar pada Februari dan Maret 2023 di Puskesmas Mulyorejo berjumlah 35 balita. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengisian kuesioner melalui wawancara. Kuesioner digunakan untuk mendapatkan data identitas responden dan food recall 24 hour untuk mengetahui asupan energi dan protein balita. Sedangkan status gizi balita menggunakan indeks BB/U didapatkan melalui penimbangan berat badan secara langsung. Instrumen penelitian sudah divalidasi oleh dosen yang ahli dibidangnya. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji Rank-Spearman.

    Hasil analisis menggunakan Rank-Spearman menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara asupan energi dan protein dengan status gizi pada balita ISPA dengan p=0,044 dan p=0,045. Saran penulis perlunya perhatian ibu pada asupan balita untuk menunjang status gizi baik

The direct causes of nutritional status are food intake and infectious diseases. Insufficient food intake will reduce the intake of nutrients such as energy and protein in the body. Energy is the result of the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins which function as energy substances for metabolism. Protein plays a role in the formation of antibodies in the body so that the body is not easily attacked by infectious diseases. This study aims to determine the relationship between energy and protein intake and nutritional status in children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) at the Mulyorejo Community Health Center.

This research is a quantitative correlative research with a cross-sectional study design. The research location was carried out in the working area of ​​the Mulyorejo Community Health Center with respondents being mothers or caregivers of ARI toddlers and toddlers who were registered in February and March 2023 at the Mulyorejo Community Health Center totaling 35 toddlers. Data collection was carried out by filling out questionnaires through interviews. Questionnaires were used to obtain respondent identity data and 24-hour food recall to determine toddlers' energy and protein intake. Meanwhile, the nutritional status of toddlers using the weight-for-age index is obtained by directly weighing them. The research instruments have been validated by lecturers who are experts in their fields. The data analysis technique used is the Rank-Spearman test.

The results of analysis using Rank-Spearman showed that there was a relationship between energy and protein intake and nutritional status in ARI toddlers with p=0,044 and p=0,045. The author suggests that mothers need to pay attention to toddlers' intake to support good nutritional status.