PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI MILLEALAB SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN GEOGRAFI BERBASIS VIRTUAL REALITY (VR) PADA MATERI KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR DAN SELF-EFFICACY PESERTA DIDIK FASE F11 DI SMA HANG TUAH 1 SURABAYA

DEVELOPMENT OF THE MILLEALAB APPLICATION AS A VIRTUAL REALITY (VR) BASED GEOGRAPHY LEARNING MEDIA ON BIODIVERSITY TO IMPROVE LEARNING OUTCOMES AND SELF-EFFICACY OF STUDENTS IN PHASE F11 AT SMA HANG TUAH 1 SURABAYA

Pendidikan merupakan pondasi penting dalam membangun peradaban dunia yang menuntut adanya penyesuaian dan inovasi terus menerus terhadap perkembangan zaman, akan tetapi terdapat tantangan di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa minat belajar peserta didik cenderung rendah dan tidak konsisten, yang berdampak langsung pada tidak tercapainya tujuan pembelajaran secara optimal.  Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menjawab permasalahan di SMA Hang Tuah 1 Surabaya, di mana hanya 34,29% peserta didik kelas XI Fase F11.1 yang berhasil mencapai ketuntasan belajar pada materi persebaran flora dan fauna di Indonesia. Meskipun berbagai strategi telah diterapkan, antusiasme peserta didik cenderung menurun dan kembali pasif setelah sesi awal pembelajaran. Kondisi ini menuntut adanya inovasi media pembelajaran yang mampu mempertahankan semangat belajar peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menganalisis kelayakan media pembelajaran berbasis VirtuaL Reality (VR) pada materi keanekaragaman hayati, (2) menganalisis keefektifan aplikasi MilleaLab dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar kognitif, (3) mengetahui peran aplikasi MilleaLab terhadap self-efficacy peserta didik Fase F11 SMA Hang Tuah 1 Surabaya.

Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam pengembangan media pembelajaran ini adalah penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development) model 4D (define, design, develop, disseminate) rancangan dari Thiagarajan, Semmel, dan Semmel (1974) menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan subjek penelitian peserta didik Fase F11 SMA Hang Tuah 1 Surabaya. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu menggunakan soal pre-test, post-test, serta angket skala likert. Analisis data menggunakan validitas dari ahli materi dan ahli media, uji N-Gain Score, uji-t berpasangan, serta analisis data angket skala likert.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) media pembelajaran aplikasi MilleaLab berbasis Virtual Reality (VR) dinyatakan layak digunakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran; (2) aplikasi MilleaLab berbasis Virtual Reality (VR) efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar kognitif peserta didik; dan (3) aplikasi MilleaLab berbasis Virtual Reality (VR) memiliki peran positif terhadap peningkatan efikasi diri (self-efficacy) peserta didik.

Kata Kunci: Media Pembelajaran, Virtual Reality, Hasil Belajar, Self-Efficacy

Education is an important foundation in building a world civilization that demands continuous adjustment and innovation to the times. However, there are challenges in the field indicating that students' learning interest tends to be low and inconsistent, which has a direct impact on the failure to achieve optimal learning objectives. This study was conducted to address the problem at SMA Hang Tuah 1 Surabaya, where only 34.29% of grade XI students in Phase F11.1 successfully achieved learning completion on the distribution of flora and fauna in Indonesia. Although various strategies have been implemented, student enthusiasm tends to decrease and return to passivity after the initial learning session. This condition demands innovation in learning media that can maintain students' enthusiasm for learning. This study aims to: (1) analyze the feasibility of Virtual Reality (VR)-based learning media on biodiversity material, (2) analyze the effectiveness of the MilleaLab application in improving cognitive learning outcomes, (3) determine the role of the MilleaLab application on the self-efficacy of students in Phase F11 of SMA Hang Tuah 1 Surabaya.

The type of research used in developing this learning media was a 4D (define, design, develop, disseminate) research and development model designed by Thiagarajan, Semmel, and Semmel (1974). It used a quantitative approach with Phase F11 students at Hang Tuah 1 High School, Surabaya as the research subjects. Data collection techniques included pre-tests, post-tests, and a Likert-scale questionnaire. Data analysis used validity assessments from material experts and media experts, the N-Gain Score test, a paired t-test, and Likert-scale questionnaire data analysis.

The results of the study indicate that: (1) the Virtual Reality (VR)-based MilleaLab learning media application was deemed suitable for use in learning activities; (2) the Virtual Reality (VR)-based MilleaLab application was effective in improving students' cognitive learning outcomes; and (3) the Virtual Reality (VR)-based MilleaLab application had a positive role in increasing students' self-efficacy.

Keywords: Learning Media, Virtual Reality, Learning Outcomes, Self-Efficacy