KARAKTERISTIK LUKISAN ANAK TUNAGRAHITA DI UPTD LIPONSOS KALIJUDAN SURABAYA

CHARACTERISTIC PAINTING OF MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDREN AT UPTD LIPONSOS KALIJUDAN SURABAYA

Anak tunagrahita memiliki karakter khusus yaitu individu yang memiliki tingkat kecerdasan di bawah rata-rata. Karakter khusus anak tunagrahita inilah yang berpengaruh terhadap hasil lukisannya. Peneliti ingin mengetahui karakterikstik lukisan anak tunagrahita, karena hasil lukisan seseorang menggambarkan karakteristik dari yang melukisnya. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, masalah yang diangkat adalah bagaimana proses, unsur visual, dan karakteristik lukisan anak tunagrahita di UPTD Liponsos Kalijudan Surabaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses, unsur visual, dan karakteristik lukisan anak tunagrahita di UPTD Liponsos Kalijudan Surabaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuliatatif dengan model pendekatan studi kasus, pengambilan data didapatkan dari observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi foto. Serta dilakukan analisis data dengan cara reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan dan uji keabsahan data. Hasil penelitian karakteristik lukisan anak tunagrahita di UPTD Liponsos Kalijudan Surabaya, meliputi proses pembelajaran melukis guru bercerita dengan menunjukkan gambar bentuk melalui handphone miliknya, agar anak tunagrahita mengingat kembali yang pernah dialami, dan harapan/ cita-cita. Kelebihan anak tunagrahita dalam berekspresi, tidak adanya keterpaksaan saat melukiskan perasaan melalui bahasa visual pada kanvas. Motorik halus anak, belum terkontrol seperti adanya penumpukan/pengulangan garis tidak tegas. Unsur warna tidak ada arti khusus, dipilih berdasarkan keinginan hati dan bersifat naif. Tema lukisan dipengaruhi lingkungan sekitar, kejadian yang menimpa perasaan anak tunagrahita dan stimulus cerita dari guru. Tipe lukisan yaitu haptic yang sering dilukis. Komposisi dalam karya lukisan yaitu, Stereotype, Juxta positio (tumpang-tindih), dan X-ray. Jenis anak tunagrahita yang mengikuti keterampilan seni lukis di UPTD Liponsos Kalijudan yaitu mampu didik (debil) dan anak tunagrahita mampu latih (embisil). Keduanya periodisasi lukisan berada pada masa peralihan masa bagan ke masa permulaan realis.

Kata kunci: Melukis, Anak Tunagrahita, Karakteristik Lukisan

Mentally Retarded Children have special characteristics which are individuals who have below average intelligence level. These characters give effect to the result of their painting. The researcher wants to know the characteristics of the mentally retarded children painting because the result of it can depict the characteristics of the children. Based on the background, the researcher raised the problem of how the process of the painting, visual elements, and the characteristics of mentally retarded children painting at UPTD Lioponsos Kalijudan Surabaya. The research is descriptive qualitative research. The research instruments used were observation, interview, and photo documentation. Moreover, data analysis was carried out by means of data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions and data validity testing. The result of characteristic painting of mentally retarded children at UPTD Liponsos Kalijudan Surabaya are including the painting learning process and a story as a stimulation given by the teacher in the beginning of class,  so that they can recall the previous experience, hope and their dream.The strength of mentally retarded children in expression is the absence of compulsion when describing feelings through visual language on a canvas. This is due to the closeness of the teacher and the students in communication. The child's fine motor skills are not yet controlled, such as the accumulation/repetition of unclear. For the colour element, it has no special meaning since it is chosen based on the desire of the heart, and is naive. The result of the study showed that color elements have no special meaning which is chosen based on the desire of the heart and are naive. The most popular paintings are haptic. Moreover, there are some compositions of painting, which are stereotype, juxta positio, and X-ray. Types of mentally retarded children who follow painting skills at UPTD Liponsos Kalijudan are mampu didik (debil) and mampu latih (embisil). Both periodizations of painting lie during the transition of the chart period to its early realist era.

Keyword: Painting, Mental Retardation Children, Characteristic of Painting