Factors
that affect the surface quality of a workpiece in the machining process,
especially the lathe include the cutting angle of the tool and the type of tool
in the turning process, variations in cutting speed, position of the
flashlight, engine vibration, unfavorable heat treatment and so on (Munadi,
1988 : 305). In people who first turn most still confused to determine the
factors that affect the quality of the surface of a workpiece in the turning
process, for example in children who have just graduated from junior high
school / equivalent who enter Vocational School majoring in Mechanical
Engineering. Therefore in order to reduce errors that result in wasted time,
cost, and energy, then here the author is interested in conducting research on
the influence of several factors that affect the quality of the surface of a
workpiece in the turning process.
In
this study the authors used 3 brand of tool cutting angles and also 3 types of
chisels aimed at finding the best tool type and cutting angle for flat turning.
In this study 3 brand of tools are: a. 1/2 '½' x ½ 'JCK' JCK HSS-E 'x 4'
chisel, b. 1/2 '½ x ½' HSS JASON chisel 'x 4', c. TUV 3/8 'x 4' 'HSS GS and 3
tool cutting angles are a.80º b.85º c.90º.
The
brand type affects the surface roughness value, because the difference in hardness
value for each tool is different, the tool with the highest hardness value is
the Jason HSS tool with a hardness value of 68.17 Kg / mm2 and produces the
lowest roughness value of 1,998 µm, and the tool the lowest hardness value is
the HSS GS TUV tool with a hardness value of 64.47 Kg / mm2 and produces the
highest roughness value of 3.42 µm. So the lowest roughness value is generated
by the highest tool hardness value.
The
tool cutting angle affects the value of surface roughness, the smaller the main
cutting angle of the tool (Kr), the cutting force will be wider, and the
thicker the thickness will also be greater, the thicker the growl it will
affect the greater roughness. The highest cutting angle is the roughness value
of 80 ⁰ ,
with a roughness value of 3.42 µ m.
The lowest cutting angle is the roughness value of 90 ⁰ ,
with a roughness value of 1,998 µ m.
Keywords : Surface Roughness, HSS Chisel, Cut Angle, Flat
Turning, Chisel Surface Hardness.