Juridical Review of Supreme Court Decision Number 1226 K/Pdt/2020 Regarding Unlawful Acts in Land Ownership Disputes

Nikanor Nope membeli sebidang tanah seluas 245 m² dari Albinus Luter Maubanu melalui Akta Jual Beli Nomor 13/KO/IV/JB/2001 di hadapan Notaris/PPAT Albert Wilson Riwu Kore, S.H. Setelah transaksi tersebut, Kilyon K.K. Maubanu mengklaim sebagai ahli waris Albinus dan menuduh Nikanor melakukan penipuan, serta menguasai tanah tanpa hak. Nikanor kemudian menggugat Kilyon atas dasar PMH. Pengadilan Negeri Kupang dalam Putusan Nomor 218/Pdt.G/2018/PN Kpg menyatakan jual beli tanah sah dan menolak dalil PMH. Pengadilan Tinggi Kupang membatalkan putusan tersebut dengan alasan gugatan kabur (obscuur libel). Namun, Mahkamah Agung melalui Putusan Nomor 1226 K/Pdt/2020 membatalkan putusan banding dan menguatkan putusan tingkat pertama, menegaskan bahwa tanah sengketa sah milik Nikanor Nope. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dasar pertimbangan hukum hakim dalam memutus perkara PMH dan kesesuaiannya dengan asas keadilan serta kepastian hukum. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Mahkamah Agung telah tepat dalam menegakkan kepastian hukum dan keabsahan jual beli, namun belum sepenuhnya menilai aspek moral dan sosial dari perbuatan tergugat. Putusan ini menegaskan prinsip res judicata pro veritate habetur serta memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi pemegang hak yang sah.

Nikanor Nope purchased a 245 m² plot of land from Albinus Luter Maubanu through Deed of Sale and Purchase Number 13/KO/IV/JB/2001 before Notary/PPAT Albert Wilson Riwu Kore, S.H. After the transaction, Kilyon K.K. Maubanu claimed to be Albinus's heir and accused Nikanor of fraud and unlawful possession of the land. Nikanor then sued Kilyon on the basis of an unlawful act. The Kupang District Court in Decision Number 218/Pdt.G/2018/PN Kpg declared the land sale and purchase valid and rejected the argument of an unlawful act. The Kupang High Court overturned the decision on the grounds that the lawsuit was obscure (obscuur libel). However, the Supreme Court through Decision Number 1226 K/Pdt/2020 overturned the appeal decision and upheld the first instance decision, confirming that the disputed land legally belonged to Nikanor Nope. This study aims to determine the basis for judges' legal considerations in deciding cases of unlawful acts and their compliance with the principles of justice and legal certainty. The research method used is normative juridical with a statutory approach and a case approach. The results indicate that the Supreme Court was correct in upholding legal certainty and the validity of the sale and purchase, but has not fully assessed the moral and social aspects of the defendant's actions. This decision affirms the principle of res judicata pro veritate habetur and provides legal protection for legitimate rights holders.