Rasionalitas Orang Tua Menyekolahkan Anak Disabilitas di SMPIT Al-Ikhlas Mantren

Rationality of Parents Sending Children with Disabilities to School at SMPIT Al-Ikhlas Mantren

Pendidikan merupakan hak setiap warga negara di Indonesia, termasuk bagi anak penyandang disabilitas. Banyak orang tua yang memiliki anak disabilitas mengalami kesulitan dalam mencari sekolah untuk memberikan pendidikan yang terbaik bagi anak mereka.  Menjadi dilema bagi orang tua untuk menyekolahkan anak disabilitas ke sekolah umum, sekolah luar biasa, atau sekolah inklusi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana rasionalitas orang tua akhirnya menyekolahkan anak disabilitas di SMPIT Al-Ikhlas Mantren. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan verstehen. Lokasi penelitian ini berada di SMPIT Al-Ikhlas Mantren. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari orang tua/wali anak disabilitas, kepala sekolah, dan guru pengajar kelas inklusi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan dua teknik yaitu primer dan sekunder berupa wawancara dan dokumetasi. Data dianalisis dengan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Data dikaji menggunakan teori tindakan rasional Max Weber. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat berbagai alasan yang mendasari tindakan orang tua tua anak disabilitas dalam menentukan pendidikan bagi anaknya, yaitu: tingkat pendidikan orang tua, kondisi ekonomi orang tua, psikologis orang tua, keinginan pribadi anak, hasil observasi, rekomendasi orang lain, ditolak/dikeluarkan sekolah lain, dan jarak tempuh. Alasan-alasan tersebut dapat dikelompokkan menjadi faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Selain itu, setiap orang tua/wali memiliki rasionalitasnya masing-masing dalam keputusannya menyekolahkan anak inklusi di sekolah ini. Setiap tindakan yang diambil subjek dapat dikategorikan dalam empat tipe tindakan sosial. Tipe tindakan-tindakan tersebut yaitu rasionalitas instrumental, rasionalitas nilai, tindakan tradisional, dan tindakan afeksi.

Kata Kunci : Rasionalitas, Orang Tua, Sekolah

Education is the right of every citizen in Indonesia, including for children with disabilities. Many parents of children with disabilities have difficulty finding schools to provide the best education for their children. It is a dilemma for parents to send their children with disabilities to public schools, special schools, or inclusive schools. The purpose of this study is to find out how the rationality of parents finally sends children with disabilities to SMPIT Al-Ikhlas Mantren. This research is a qualitative research with a verstehen approach. The location of this research is at SMPIT Al-Ikhlas Mantren. The research subjects consisted of parents/guardians of children with disabilities, school principals, and inclusive classroom teachers. Data collection techniques used two techniques, namely primary and secondary in the form of interviews and documentation. Data were analyzed by data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The data were studied using Max Weber's theory of rational action. The results of this study are that there are various reasons that underlie the actions of parents of children with disabilities in determining education for their children, namely: parents' education level, parents' economic conditions, parents' psychology, children's personal desires, observations, recommendations from others, rejected /expelled from other schools, and mileage. These reasons can be grouped into internal factors and external factors. In addition, each parent/guardian has their own rationality in their decision to send inclusive children to this school. Each action taken by the subject can be categorized into four types of social action. These types of actions are instrumental rationality, value rationality, traditional action, and affective action.

Keywords : Rationality, Parents, School