A Maqasid Sharia Analysis of Zakat Distribution Strategies for the Welfare of Mustahiq at Baznas Surabaya City

Penelitian ini menganalisis strategi penyaluran zakat dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan mustahik di BAZNAS Kota Surabaya dengan perspektif maqashid syariah. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif-analitis dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi, serta dianalisis melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyaluran zakat dilakukan melalui program direncanakan dan tidak direncanakan. Program direncanakan bersifat sistematis, sedangkan program tidak direncanakan bersifat responsif terhadap kebutuhan masyarakat. Namun, terdapat kendala berupa keterbatasan sumber daya manusia, tingginya ketergantungan pada Unit Pengumpul Zakat (UPZ), serta lemahnya sistem verifikasi dan monitoring. Dalam perspektif maqashid syariah, penyaluran zakat telah berkontribusi pada aspek perlindungan jiwa (hifz al-nafs) dan agama (hifz al-din), namun belum optimal dalam perlindungan harta (hifz al-mal) dan pemberdayaan ekonomi berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan verifikasi lapangan, optimalisasi zakat produktif, dan integrasi teknologi informasi untuk meningkatkan efektivitas penyaluran zakat.

Kata kunci: penyaluran zakat, maqashid syariah, kesejahteraan mustahik, BAZNAS Kota Surabaya

This study analyzes the zakat distribution strategy in improving the welfare of mustahik in BAZNAS Surabaya City from the perspective of maqashid sharia. The study uses a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation, and analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that zakat distribution is carried out through planned and unplanned programs. Planned programs are systematic, while unplanned programs are responsive to community needs. However, there are obstacles in the form of limited human resources, high dependence on Zakat Collection Units (UPZ), and weak verification and monitoring systems. From the perspective of maqashid sharia, zakat distribution has contributed to the aspects of life protection (hifz al-nafs) and religion (hifz al-din), but has not been optimal in wealth protection (hifz al-mal) and sustainable economic empowerment. This study recommends strengthening field verification, optimizing productive zakat, and integrating information technology to increase the effectiveness of zakat distribution.

Keywords: zakat distribution, maqashid sharia, welfare of mustahik, BAZNAS Surabaya City