Kelimpahan dan Keanekaragaman Plankton Sebagai Bioindikator Kualitas Perairan Pesisir Pantai Tempat Pelelangan Ikan (TPI) Paiton Kabupaten Probolinggo
The Abundance and Diversity of Plankton as a Bioindicator of The Quality of Coastal Waters of The Coastal Fishing Site (TPI) of Paiton District of Probolinggo
Tempat Pelelangan Ikan Paiton merupakan pasar tempat transaksi jual beli hasil laut yang berlokasi di Jalan Lapangan Tembak, Dusun Pesisir, Desa Sumberanyar, Kecamatan Paiton, Kabupaten Probolinggo. Pemanfaatan Pesisir Pantai TPI Paiton sebagai pasar ikan, pembuatan kapal nelayan, sekaligus tempat singgah kapal di nelayan, serta kondisi lingkungan sekitar pantai yang berdekatan dengan industry PLTU Paiton dapat mengakibatkan adanya perubahan kualitas air yang mempengaruhi ekosistem perairan, khususnya plankton. Indeks keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan plankton dapat digunakan sebagai bioindikator untuk mengetahui kualitas air. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman plankton di Pesisir Pantai TPI Paiton, Kabupaten Probolinggo. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu eksploratif kuanititatif dengan pendekatan observasi. Metode penelitian purposive sampling dan dilakukan di 5 stasiun dengan karakteristik berbeda pada waktu pasang jam 08-00-12.00, identifikasi plankton dilakukan di Laboratorium Ekologi, FMIPA Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Perhitungan indeks keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan plankton menggunakan rumus indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-weaner dan indeks kelimpahan plankton Weltch. Hubungan indeks keanekaragaman plankton dengan kualitas air dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi Bivariate Pearson dengan SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keanekaragaman plankton di perairan Pesisir Pantai TPI Paiton terdiri dari 16 divisi, 62 genus, dan 488 individu plankton dengan indeks keanekaragaman plankton sebesar 3,3282, termasuk kondisi belum tercemar dan indeks kelimpahan plankton secara keseluruhan sebesar 10,844 ind/L, termasuk perairan oligotrofik. Kualitas air menunjukkan bahwa semua parameter memenuhi standar baku mutu kecuali DO (<5 Mg/L) dan kecerahan (<3 m). Suhu, kecerahan, pH, dan DO berkorelasi positif, sedangkan salinitas, TSS, TDS, turbiditas, BOD, CO2, amoniak, dan COD berkorelasi negative dengan indeks keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan plankton.
Paiton is a market where seafood transactions are sold. It is located in Jalan Lapangan Tembak, Dusun Coast, Resources Village, Paiton District, and Probolinggo District. The exploitation of the TPI Paiton coastline as a fish market, fishing boat construction, as well as a boat stop for fishermen, and environmental conditions around the coast near the PLTU Paiton industry can result in changes in water quality that affect the aquatic ecosystem, especially plankton. The diversity and abundance index of plankton can be used as a bioindicator to determine water quality. The purpose of this research is to find out the abundance and diversity of plankton in the coastal TPI Paiton, Probolinggo district. This type of research is quantitative exploration with an observational approach. The research method, purposive sampling, was conducted in 5 stations with different characterisAtics at the time of installation (8.00– 12.00). Plankton identification was carried out in the Ecological Laboratory, FMIPA State University of Surabaya. The calculation of the plankton diversity index using the Shannon-Weaner diversity index formula and the plankton abundance index using the Weltch abundance index. The relationship between the plancton variety index and water quality was analyzed using the Pearson bivariate correlation test with SPSS. The results of the study showed that the diversity of planktons in the coastal waters of TPI Paiton consisted of 16 divisions, 62 genera, and 488 planktone individuals, with a planctone diversity index of 3,3282, including uncontaminated conditions, and an overall abundance of 10,844 indes/L, including oligotropic waters. Water quality indicates that all parameters meet the standard quality standards except DO (<5 mg/L) and brightness (<3 m). Temperature, brilliance, pH, and DO correlate positively, while salinity, TSS, TDS, turbidity, BOD, CO2, ammonia, and COD correlate negatively with the plankton diversity and abundance index