RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE KENDALI OTOMATIS PENDINGIN UDANG BERBASIS ARDUINO MENGGUNAKAN SUMBER TENAGA PANEL SURYA (MONOCRYSTALLINE)
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AUTOMATIC SHRIMP COOLING PROTOTYPE BASED ON ARDUINO USING SOLAR PANEL POWER SOURCE (MONOCRYSTALLINE)
Permasalahan kerusakan mutu pada komoditas perikanan seperti udang, yang sangat rentan terhadap suhu lingkungan tinggi, memerlukan solusi penyimpanan dingin yang efisien, otomatis, dan mandiri energi, khususnya untuk nelayan di wilayah pesisir tanpa akses listrik PLN. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan mensimulasikan prototipe sistem pendingin udang otomatis berbasis mikrokontroler Arduino Uno yang ditenagai oleh panel surya monocrystalline. Sistem mengintegrasikan sensor suhu DS18B20 untuk akuisisi data suhu secara waktu nyata, modul termoelektrik TEC-12706 sebagai elemen pendingin aktif, serta komponen relay sebagai aktuator switching pendingin berdasarkan logika kendali ON/OFF.
Logika sistem dirancang untuk mengaktifkan pendingin ketika suhu ruang penyimpanan melebihi 10°C dan menonaktifkannya ketika suhu turun di bawah 5°C. Prototipe disimulasikan menggunakan MATLAB Simulink untuk memodelkan proses termal di dalam ruang pendingin iii berdasarkan karakteristik konduksi dan kapasitas panas bahan, serta untuk menganalisis performa sistem secara komprehensif dalam dua skenario kendali: ON/OFF dan PID. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa sistem mampu menurunkan suhu dari 30°C ke 5°C dalam waktu ±1,99 jam, serta mempertahankan suhu ruang di bawah 10°C secara stabil selama 4 jam tanpa intervensi manual. Total konsumsi daya sistem sebesar 266,43 Wh per hari dapat disuplai oleh satu panel surya 50 Wp dan baterai 12V 33,3 Ah, menjadikan sistem ini mandiri energi dan dapat beroperasi secara kontinu di lokasi terpencil.
Kontribusi penelitian ini terletak pada penerapan sistem kendali suhu otomatis berbasis mikrokontroler yang terintegrasi dengan sumber energi terbarukan, serta pendekatan pemodelan simulasi berbasis MATLAB yang memungkinkan pengujian dan pengoptimalan sistem sebelum implementasi fisik. Prototipe ini diharapkan menjadi solusi teknologi tepat guna untuk mendukung ketahanan rantai dingin produk perikanan berbasis energi bersih dan terjangkau.
Kata Kunci: Arduino, Pendingin Udang, Panel Surya, Otomatis, TEC-12706, Kendali Suhu.
The quality degradation of fisheries commodities such as shrimp, which are highly sensitive to high ambient temperatures, necessitates an efficient, automated, and energy-independent cold storage solution, particularly for fishermen in coastal areas lacking access to conventional electricity. This study aims to design and simulate a prototype of an automatic shrimp cooling system based on the Arduino Uno microcontroller powered by a monocrystalline solar panel. The system integrates a DS18B20 temperature sensor for realtime temperature acquisition, a TEC-12706 thermoelectric module as the active cooling element, and a relay component as a switching actuator controlled via ON/OFF logic
The control logic is configured to activate the cooling system when the storage temperature exceeds 10°C and deactivate it when it drops below 5°C. The prototype was simulated using MATLAB Simulink to model the thermal process within the cooling chamber based on conduction characteristics and material heat capacity, and to analyze the system's performance comprehensively under two control scenarios: ON/OFF and PID. The simulation results show that the system is capable of reducing the storage temperature from 30°C to 5°C within approximately 1.99 hours and maintaining it below 10°C v for more than 4 hours without manual intervention. The total daily power consumption of 266.43 Wh can be fully supported by a 50 Wp solar panel and a 12V 33.3 Ah battery, making the system fully energy-autonomous and capable of continuous operation in remote locations.
The primary contribution of this study lies in the implementation of an automatic temperature control system based on microcontrollers integrated with renewable energy sources, as well as the use of MATLAB-based modeling and simulation to enable virtual testing and system optimization prior to physical implementation. This prototype is expected to serve as an appropriate technology solution to support the cold chain resilience of fisheries products through affordable and sustainable clean energy.
Keywords: Arduino, shrimp cooler, solar panels, automatic, TEC12706, temperature control.