Pengaruh Variasi pH Pada Kombinasi Ekstrak Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea) dan Daun Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) Sebagai Photosensitizer Alami Terhadap Kinerja Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC)

The Effect of pH Variation on Combination Extract of Telang Flower (Clitoria ternatea) and Mango Leaf (Mangifera indica L.) as Natural Photosensitizer on Performance of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC)

Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) dapat dijadikan sebagai energi alternative dalam mengatasi permasalahan penipisan ketersediaan energy fosil seiring dengan peningkatan kebutuhan energy listrik, dan lingkungan. Sistem DSSC terdiri dari fotoelektroda, elektrolit, counter elektroda dan pewarna dengan prinsip kerja fotoelektrokimia. Elektrolit dan pewarna merupakan komponen penentu kinerja DSSC dengan permasalahan kebocoran, penguapan cairan elektrolit, desorpsi pewarna dan permanenan cahaya matahari yang kurang maksimal dapat menurunkan kinerja DSSC. Penggunaan elektrolit berbasis polimer poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), pencampuran ekstrak pewarna, dan pengkondisian pH larutan pewarna dapat dijadikan solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pembuatan elektrolit berbasis membrane PVDF dengan metode cetak casting ketebalan 0,4 mm, pencampuran ekstrak bunga telang dan daun mangga dengan komposisi perbandingan 1:1, 1:3 dan 3:1, dan pengkondisian larutan pewarna pada pH 2, 7 dan 12. Hasil menunjukkan komposisi kombinasi kedua ekstrak dan pH optimal pada perbandingan 1:3 dan pH 2. Serapan panjang gelombang pewarna dikarakterisasi menggunakan Voltametri Siklik menghasilkan nilai HOMO, LUMO, dan band-gap sebesar -4,297, -3,161 dan 1,137 eV. Pengukuran listrik menggunakan multimeter menghasilkan nilai Voc, Isc, fill factor (FF), dan efisiensi listrik (η) sebesar 0.432 V, 2.17 x 10-3 mA/cm2, 3.09% dan 2.89%.

Kata kunci: DSSC, antosianin, klorofil, elektrolit berbasis membrane PVDF

Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) can be used as an alternative energy in overcoming the problem of depletion of fossil energy availability along with the increasing demand for electrical energy and environment. The DSSC system consists of photoelectrode, electrolyte, counter electrode and dye with a photoelectrochemical working principle. Electrolytes and dye are component that determine the performance of DSSC with problems of leakage, evaporation of electrolyte liquid, desorption of dye and less than optimal harvesting of sunlight that can reduce DSSC performance. The use of polymer based electrolytes from poly(vinylidene fluoride) PVDF, mixing of dye extract and pH conditioning of the dye solution can be used as solutions to overcome these problems. In this study, an electrolyte based on PVDF membrane was made using the casting method with a thickness of 0.4 mm, mixing the extracts of telang flower and mango leaves with a composition ratio of 1:1, 1:3, and 3:1, and conditioning the dye solution at a pH of  2, 7 and 12. The result showed the composition of the two extract and the optimal pH at a ratio of 1:3 and pH 2. The absorption wavelength of the dye was characterized using Spectrophotometer UV-Vis showing a peak at 573 and 617 nm. The electrochemical parameters were characterized using cyclic voltammetry resulting in HOMO, LUMO, and band-gap values of -4,297, -3,161 and 1,137 eV. Electrical measurement using multimeter produce values of Voc, Isc, fill factor (FF) and electrical efficiency (η) of 0.432 V, 2.17 x 10^-3 mA/cm², 3.09% and 2.89%.

Keywords: DSSC, anthocyanins, chlorophyll, PVDF membrane based electrolytes