ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK BRIKET BERBAHAN CAMPURAN TEMPURUNG KELAPA, SEKAM PADI DAN TEPUNG TAPIOKA

Kebutuhan energi fosil terus meningkat karena bertambahnya jumlah penduduk dan pertumbuhan ekonomi setiap harinya. Hal ini harus segera diimbangi dengan penyediaan sumber energi alternatif yang terbarukan. Energi biomassa menjadi salah satu sumber energi alternatif pengganti bahan bakar fosil. Briket biomassa adalah solusi bahan bakar padat yang memiliki potensi besar sebagai bahan bakar alternatif. Biomassa salah satunya solusi yang memiliki potensi sangat besar tetapi belum mampu dimanfaatkan dengan maksimal. Sektor pertanian merupakan penyumbang limbah terbesar yang berpotensi dijadikan biomassa seperti tempurung kelapa dan sekam padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik briket bioarang (kadar air, kadar abu, nilai kalor, kadar zat terbang, nilai karbon terikat, awal waktu pembakaran, lama pembakan) dari tempurung kelapa, sekam padi dan tepung tapioka.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen pada briket bioarang berbahan baku tempurung kelapa, sekam padi dan tepung tapioka dengan komposisi (80:10:10, 65:25:10, 50:40:10) dengan mesh 40. Pengujian karakteristik briket dengan menggunakan standar SNI 01-6235-2000 (kadar air, kadar abu, nilai kalor, kadar zat terbang, nilai karbon terikat, awal waktu pembakaran, lama pembakan) ditinjau dengan standar briket bioarang SNI 01-6235-2000.

Hasil penelitian memperoleh karakteristik briket bioarang dari tempurung kelapa, sekam padi dan tepung tapioka dengan perbandingan 80:10:10 yaitu nilai kalor 5835,82  kal/gr, kadar air 7,04%, kadar abu 0,241%, kadar zat terbang 0,848%, kadar kabrbon terikat 91,86% waktu awal pembakaran 265 detik dan lama pembakaran 6036 detik  yang memenuhi standar SNI 01-6235-2000.

Kata Kunci: briket, tempurung kelapa, sekam padi, tepung tapioka

The need for fossil energy continues to increase due to the increasing population and economic growth every day. This must be immediately balanced with the provision of alternative renewable energy sources. Biomass energy is one of the alternative energy sources to replace fossil fuels. Biomass briquettes are a solid fuel solution that has great potential as an alternative fuel. Biomass is one of the solutions that has very great potential but has not been able to be utilized optimally. The agricultural sector is the largest contributor of waste that has the potential to be used as biomass such as coconut shells and rice husks. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of biochar briquettes (water content, ash content, calorific value, volatile matter content, bound carbon value, initial burning time, burning time) from coconut shells, rice husks and tapioca flour.

This study used an experimental method on biocharcoal briquettes made from coconut shells, rice husks and tapioca flour with a composition of (80:10:10, 65:25:10, 50:40:10) with a mesh of 40. Testing of briquette characteristics using SNI 01-6235-2000 standards (water content, ash content, calorific value, volatile matter content, bound carbon value, initial burning time, burning duration) is reviewed with SNI 01-6235-2000 biochar briquette standards.

The results of the study obtained the characteristics of biochar briquettes from coconut shells, rice husks and tapioca flour with a ratio of 80:10:10, namely a calorific value of 5835.82 cal/gr, water content of 7.04%, ash content of 0.241%, volatile matter content of 0.848%, bound carbon content of 91.86%, initial combustion time of 265 seconds and combustion duration of 6036 seconds which meets the SNI 01-6235-2000 standard.

Keywords: briquettes, coconut shell, rice husk, tapioca flour