VALIDITAS INSTRUMEN PENILAIAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MELALUI PENALARAN FORMAL DALAM PEMECAHAN MASALAH PADA MATERI USAHA DAN ENERGI

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan validitas instrumen penilaian keterampilan berpikir kritis melalui penalaran formal dalam pemecahan masalah pada materi Usaha dan Energi. Instrumen ini mengombinasikan penalaran formal sehingga siswa berpikir secara kritis dan mampu memecahkan permasalahan. Model penelitian ADDIE diterapkan dalam pengembangan instrumen dan berhasil dibuat 39 butir instrumen. Validitas logis instrumen dari kajian ranah/proses berpikir, materi, konstruk, dan bahasa ditelaah oleh tiga validator. Hasil validasi logis diperoleh 14 butir instrumen valid pada kategori sangat valid dengan persentase 95%.  Instrumen kemudian diterapkan dalam uji terbatas pada 30 siswa SMAN 16 Surabaya yang telah mempelajari materi Usaha dan Energi. Validitas empiris butir instrumen, daya pembeda, tingkat kesukaran butir, dan reliabilitas instrumen dianalisis menggunakan software Microsoft Excel. Reliabilitas instrumen menunjukkan bahwa r_hitung > r_tabel yaitu 0,90 > 0,361 tergolong reliabel. Butir instrumen penilaian valid secara empiris antara skor 0,47 hingga 0,84. Tingkat kesukaran setiap butir instrumen dalam rentang indeks dari 0,38 - 0,90 dengan daya pembeda setiap butir instrumen dalam rentang indeks dari 0,20 hingga 0,43. Hasil uji coba terbatas diperoleh 12 butir instrumen penilaian memenuhi validitas empiris. Instrumen penilaian keterampilan berpikir kritis melalui penalaran formal dalam pemecahan masalah pada materi Usaha dan Energi valid secara logis maupun empiris sebanyak 12 butir instrumen penilaian. Instrumen penilaian yang telah valid secara logis maupun empiris dapat mendeskripsikan keterampilan berpikir kritis dengan mempresentasikan aspek yang dapat dikembangkan untuk mengasah kemampuan pemecahan masalah melalui penalaran formal siswa.

Kataikunci: validitas, instrumen penilaian, keterampilan berpikir kritis, penalaran formal, pemecahan masalah.

This study aims to describe the validity of the critical thinking skills assessment instruments through formal reasoning in solving Work and Energy problems. This instrument combines formal reasoning, so students think critically and can solve problems. The ADDIE research model was applied in the development of instruments, which initially consisted of 39 instruments. Three validators were involved in obtaining logical validity from the study of the realm of thought, material, constructs, and language. The logical validation results obtained 14 items of assessment instruments that were then tested were limited to 30 students of SMAN 16 Surabaya who had studied Work and Energy. Validation data analysis shows a very good category with a percentage of 95%. The empirical validity of grading instrument items, distinguishing features, item difficulty levels, and assessment instruments' reliability were analyzed using Microsoft Excel software. Instrument reliability shows that r _count > r _table that is 0.90 > 0.361 is classified as reliable. Items that are valid empirically assessed instruments are worth between 0.47 to 0.84. The level of difficulty on each item of this instrument with an index of 0.38 to 0.90 with distinguishing power on each item of this instrument with an index of 0.20 to 0.43. The results of limited trials obtained that 12 items of assessment instruments fulfill empirical validity. The instrument for evaluating critical thinking skills through formal reasoning in solving Work and Energy problems is logically and empirically valid as many as 12 items of assessment instruments. Assessment instruments that have been valid logically and empirically can describe critical thinking skills by presenting aspects that can be developed to hone the ability of problem solving through student formal reasoning.

Keywords: assessment, critical thinking skills, formal reasoning, and problem solving.