Tindakan Rasionalitas Aktor Lembaga Sosial Dalam Memutuskan Dispensasi Kawin Di Lembaga Pengadilan Agama Surabaya

Actions Of Rasionality Of Social Instution Actors In Deciding Marriage Dispensation At The Regious Courts Of Surabaya

Manusia selaku makhluk sosial yang tidak bisa hidup sendiri dengan itu hendak memunculkan rasa ketertarikan antara keduannya. Fenomena sosial perkawinan anak atau dispensasi kawin terus naik meskipun sempat menuru ditahun 2020. Peraturan perundang-undangan melindungi suatu pernikahan yang senantiasa terpelihara kelanggengannya dengan memberikan batas usia seseorang dalam pernikahan. Realitanya perkawinan anak masih gempar terjalin di penduduk yang mana mereka yang melakukan pernikahan tidak memenuhi persyaratan umur minimun pernikahan dan perkawinan anak dianggap sebagai fenomena sosial karena terdapat menentang hukum, peraturan, serta norma di sebagaian masyarakat Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tindakan rasional Hakim dalam memutuskan dispensasi kawin di Lembaga Pemgadilan Agama Surabaya.

Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan memakai pendekatan kualitatif. Data yang terhimpun berupa narasi, bukan angka, apabila terdapat angka maka sifatnya hanya sebagai pendukung argumentasi. Perolehan data dilaksanakan dengan teknik purposive. Dalam penelitian ini yang menjadi subejek penelitian adalah Hakim di Lembaga Pengadilan Agama Surabaya. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara sistematis dan data yang sudah diperoleh sesuai dengan masalah yang diteliti.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa faktor penytebab terjadinya perkawinan anak atau dispensasi kawin yaitu kehamilan saat sebelum menikah, faktor ekonomi, faktor pendidikan, faktor lingkungan. Pemberian dispensasi kawin oleh Lembaga Pengadilan Agama Surabaya dilakukan atas dasar rasional tindakan sosial yang terbagi menjadi 4 golongan yaitu tindakan rasionalitas instrumental, tindakan rasionalitas nilai, tindakan rasionalitas tradisional, tindakan rasionalitas afektif.

Humans as social creatures who cannot live alone with it want to bring up a sense of attraction between the two. The social phenomenon of child marriage or dispensation of marriage continues to increase even though it has decreased in 2020. Legislation protects a marriage that is always maintained by providing a limit on the age of a person in marriage. The reality is that child marriage is still in an uproar among the population where those who do the marriage do not meet the minimum age requirements for marriage and child marriage is considered a social phenomenon because it violates laws, regulations and norms in some parts of Indonesian society. The purpose of this research is to find out the rational actions of judges in deciding the dispensation of marriage at the Surabaya Religious Court.

This type of research was descriptive research using a qualitative approach. The data collected was in the form of narratives, not numbers, if there were numbers, they were only to support the argument. Data acquisition was carried out using purposive techniques. In this study, the research subjects were judges at the Surabaya Religious Court Institution.  Data collection is carried out systematically and the data that has been obtained is in accordance with the problem under study.

The results showed that there were several factors causing child marriage or dispensation of marriage, namely pregnancy before marriage, economic factors, educational factors, environmental factors. The granting of a marriage dispensation by the Surabaya Religious Court was carried out on the basis of rational social action which was divided into 4 groups, namely instrumental rationality, value rationality, traditional rationality, and affective rationality.

Keywords: Marriage Dispensation, Child Marriage