Effect of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) Leaf Extract on Hemoglobin Levels, Liver Morphology and Morphometry of Diabetes Mice
Diabetes melitus dapat menimbulkan gangguan stress oksidatif, seperti anemia dan kerusakan hepar. Daun jambu mente mengandung antioksidan sehingga berpotensi untuk pengobatan diabetes. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui kandungan metabolit sekunder daun jambu mente dan melihat pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun jambu mente terhadap kadar hemoglobin, morfologi dan morfometri hepar mencit diabetes. Penelitian ini mengunakan mencit jantan galur DDY yang diinduksi aloksan 110 mg/kg terdiri dari enam kelompok perlakuan kelompok ekstrak yaitu dosis 0,0042 mg/g BB, 0,0084 mg/g BB, 0,0126 mg/g BB, kelompok glibenclamide 0,013 mg/g BB, kontrol positif aloksan dan kontrol normal dengan 4 mencit ulangan dan pemberian perlakuan selama 14 hari. Pengujian metabolit sekunder daun jambu mente dilakukan melalui uji screening fitokimia di Laboratorium kimia organik UNESA. Kadar hemoglobin diukur dengan strip hemoglobin, pengamatan morfologi hepar (warna, tekstur dan permukaan berbintik) menggunakan metode scoring, dianalisis dan dipresentasikan dalam persentase (%), dan pengukuran morfometri (berat) menggunakan millimeter block. Analisis kadar hemoglobin dan morfometri hepar menggunakan program SPSS uji Kruskal Wallis dan Man-Whitney (P<0,05). Hasil screening fitokimia daun jambu mente mengandung senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, triterpenoid, tannin, dan fenolik. Pengukuran kadar hemoglobin hari ke 0 (Sig=0,001); ke-1 dan 14 (Sig<0,002) menunjukkan berbedaan signifikan. Pengukuran hemoglobin dan morfologi berpengaruh baik terhadap kondisi hepar pada dosis 0,0126 mg/g BB (warna 100%, permukan berbintik 8,3%, dan tektur 100% serta peningkatan kadar hemoglobin) jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol aloksan. Morfometri hepar tidak menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan (Sig>0,542). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa kendungan ekstrak daun jambu mente berpengaruh terhadap kadar hemoglobin, morfologi dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap morfometri hepar mencit diabetes.
Diabetes mellitus causes oxidative stress disorders, such as anemia and liver damage. Cashew leaves have the antioxidant potential for the treatment of diabetes. The purpose of this study evaluates the content secondary metabolites of cashew leaves and the effect of giving extract on levels of hemoglobin, morphology, and liver morphometry of diabetic mice. This study using male mice DDY induced by alloxan 110 mg/kg consisting of six treatment groups, group of an extract dose 0.0042 mg/g BW, 0.0084 mg/g BW, 0.0126 mg/g BW, glibenclamide group 0.013 mg/g BW, Alloxan positive control and normal control with four mice replicates and treatment for 14 days. Testing of secondary metabolites of cashew leaves phytochemical screening test at UNESA Organic Chemistry Laboratory. Hemoglobin level measured by hemoglobin strip test, liver morphology observation (color, texture, and speckled surface) with score method, analyzed and presented in percentage (%), and morphometric (wight) using millimeter block. Analysis of hemoglobin levels and liver morphometry using SPSS Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney (P<0.05). Phytochemical screening showed the extract contains flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, triterpenoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds. Results measurement hemoglobin levels a significant difference on days 0 (Sig=0.001); 1 and 14 (Sig<0.002). Measurement hemoglobin and morphology a good effect on liver conditions at dose of 0.0126 mg/g BW (100% color, 8.3% spotted surface, 100% texture and increased hemoglobin levels) when compared to alloxan controls. Liver morphometry had no significant (Sig>0.542). Based on the research results, contents of cashew leaf extract affect hemoglobin levels, morphology and don’t affect liver morphometry of diabetic mice.