Aktivitas Biofungisida Ekstrak Daun Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Fusarium sp. secara In Vitro

Biofungicidial Activity of Jatropha curcas L. Leaves Extract to Fusarium sp. Growth Inhibition In Vitro

Fusarium sp. merupakan patogen yang menyebabkan penyakit layu pada hasil pertanian terutama tanaman hortikultura. Penanggulangan Fusarium sp. menggunakan fungisida sintetis akan menyebabkan terjadinya kerusakan lingkungan sehingga dibutuhkan biofungsida. Daun jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) berpotensi sebagai biofungisida karena mengandung senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, tanin, fenol, dan steroid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas biofungisida ekstrak daun jarak pagar serta konsentrasi yang optimal dalam menghasilkan penghambatan pertumbuhan Fusarium sp. Rancangan acak lengkap digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan 7 perlakuan dan 4 pengulangan. Konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan sebesar 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, serta kontrol positif menggunakan fungisida sintetis (propineb 70%) dan kontrol negatif (akuades). Pengukuran diameter koloni Fusarium sp. dan persentase daya hambat ekstrak dilakukan pada hari ke-7 inkubasi. Data dianalisis dengan one way ANOVA, dilanjutkan uji Duncan untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya aktivitas penghambatan ekstrak daun jarak pagar terhadap pertumbuhan Fusarium sp. yang berbeda nyata disemua perlakuan dan konsentrasi optimal ditunjukkan pada konsentrasi 90% dengan rata-rata pertumbuhan 5,08 ± 0,83 cm dan rata-rata persentase daya hambat 43,5 ± 9,11 %. Dari hasil tersebut dinyatakan bahwa ekstrak daun jarak pagar berpotensi sebagai biofungisida dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Fusarium sp. secara in vitro.

Kata kunci: Biofungisida; Fusarium sp.; Jatropha curcas L.

Fusarium sp. is a pathogen that caused wilt disease in agricultural products, especially horticultural crops. The management of Fusarium sp. using synthetic fungicides will caused enviromental damage, so a biofungicides are needed. Jatropha curcas leaves have potential as biofungicides because they are contain flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenols, steroids. The aims of this study was to determine the biofungicide activity of jatropha leaves extract and the optimal concentration on inhibiting the growth of Fusarium sp. The completely randomized design was using in this study with 7 treatments and 4 repetitions. The concentration of extract has been used 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, as well as positive control using synthetic fungicide (propineb 70%) and negative control (aquades). The  measurements diameter of the Fusarium sp. and the percentage of extract inhibition were made on the 7th day incubation. The data were analyzed by one way ANOVA, the Duncan test continued to knowing the differences between treatments. The results showed that there was an inhibitory activity of the jatropha leaves extract on the growth of Fusarium sp. which were significantly different in all treatments and the optimal concentration was shown at a concentration of 90% with an average growth of 5.08 ± 0.83 cm and an average percentage of inhibition of 43.5 ± 9.11%. From these results it was stated that jatropha leaves extract has the potential as a biofungicide in inhibiting the growth of Fusarium sp.

Keywords: Biofungicides; Fusarium sp.; Jatropha curcas L.