Pemerolehan Kosakata Bahasa Indonesia Anak Pasangan Pernikahan Campuran Indonesia-Korea dalam Kanal Youtube Kimbab Family: Kajian Fonologi

Acquisition of Indonesian Vocabulary for Children of Indonesian-Korean Mixed Marriage Couples on The Kimbab Family Youtube Channel : Phonological Study

ABSTRAK

Bahasa merupakan simbol bunyi baik secara lisan, tulisan, maupun isyarat yang digunakan untuk berkomunikasi. Pemerolehan bahasa merupakan proses seorang anak dalam menguasai dan mempelajari bahasa secara alamiah sejak lahir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeksripsikan pemerolehan bahasa Indonesia pada anak dwibahasa atau bilingual dari aspek fonologi yang meliputi pemerolehan bunyi vokal, bunyi konsonan dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian yaitu anak pasangan pernikahan campuran Indonesia-Korea bernama Suji, Yunji dan Jio. Data berupa kosakata bahasa Indonesia yang diambil dari 33 tayangan vlog dalam kanal YouTube Kimbab Family sejak bulan Agustus – Desember tahun 2021. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi (pengamatan) dan teknik catat. Metode analisis data menggunakan metode padan intralingual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga anak sudah menguasai dan melafalkan dengan baik dan jelas bunyi vokal dan konsonan yang terletak baik di awal, tengah maupun akhir. Bunyi vokal meliputi [a], [i], [u], [o], [כ], e], [ε], dan [ə] dan bunyi konsonan seperti [p], [b], [d], [t], [c], [y], [k], [g], [m], [n], [ŋ], [s], [h], [v], dan [r].  Terdapat beberapa kosakata yang mengalami perubahan bunyi karena adanya penggantian, penambahan, maupun penghilangan fonem sehingga kata diujarkan dengan pelafalan yang salah dan kurang tepat.

Kata Kunci: pemerolehan bahasa, fonologi, kosakata, bilingual

ABSTRACT

Language is a symbol of sound, both orally and in writing and in signs used to communicate. Language acquisition is a child's natural process of mastering and learning a language from birth. This study aims to describe the acquisition of Indonesian in bilingual or bilingual children from the phonological aspect, which includes the acquisition of vowels and consonants and the factors that influence them. This research uses a qualitative descriptive research design. The research data sources are the children of a mixed marriage between Indonesia and Korea, named Suji, Yunji, and Jio. The data is in the form of Indonesian vocabulary and was taken from 33 vlog shows on the Kimbab Family YouTube channel from August–December 2021. The data collection technique uses observation and note-taking techniques. The data analysis method used the intralingual equivalent method. The results showed that the three children had mastered and pronounced well and clearly the vowels and consonants located at the beginning, middle, and end. Vowel sounds include [a], [i], [u], [o], [כ], e], [ε], and [ə] and consonant sounds such as [p], [b], [d], [t], [c], [y], [k], [g], [m], [n], [ŋ], [s], [h], [v], and [r]. There are some vocabulary words that experience sound changes due to the replacement, addition, or omission of phonemes, so that words are pronounced incorrectly and inaccurately.

Keywords: language acquisition, phonology, vocabulary, bilingualism