Keywords: homosexual identity development, heteronormativity, queer
This study aims to elaborate on Maurice Hall’s and Aristotle and Dante’s homosexual identity development, the influence of supporting characters toward the main characters’ homosexual identity, and the portrayal of heteronormativity in E.M. Forster’s Maurice and Benjamin Alire Sáenz’s Aristotle and Dante Discover the Secrets of The Universe . The researcher of this study uses Richard R. Troiden’s homosexual identity development model that describes how committed homosexuals recall the process of accepting homosexuality as their identity. This theory covers four stages: sensitization, identity confusion, identity assumption, and commitment. Besides, queer theory, character and characterization, and comparative literature are chosen as the supporting theories to support the analysis.
The analysis discovers that Maurice Hall, Aristotle, and Dante experience the stages of the homosexual identity development model. However, the main characters of the two novels experience the stages differently. Maurice Hall, a gay stockbroker, experiences a slightly complicated stage compared to Aristotle and Dante. Maurice Hall is an adult while Aristotle and Dante are young adults. Then, the influences of supporting characters toward the main characters’ homosexual identity are varied. Some characters try to postpone the main characters’ homosexuality while others support and facilitate the main characters’ homosexuality. The portrayal of heteronormativity is one of the reasons why the main characters want to eliminate their homosexuality.
The final messages in E.M. Forster’s Maurice and Benjamin Alire Sáenz’s Aristotle and Dante Discover the Secrets of the Universe are the journey of searching for homosexual identity is not an instant, short path, and often leads to sorrow, depression. These negative feelings can be healed by telling the problems to trustworthy people, and going to a counselor is also a good choice. Then, happiness can be achieved if a person fully admits his homosexual identity as a valid identity. Last, presenting homosexual identity to non-homosexual audiences is not a must, as shown by Maurice and Alec at the end of the story.