Pengaruh Komposisi Polimer Elektrolit Berbasis Polysulfone terhadap Kinerja Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) dengan Natural Photosensitizer Ekstrak Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea)

Effect of Polysulfone-Based Polymer Electrolyte Composition on the Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) with Natural Photosensitizer from Butterfly Pea Flower (Clitoria ternatea) Extract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan ekstrak bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea) sebagai fotosensitizer alami dan komposisi cetak elektrolit polimer PSf/DMAc pada Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC). Ekstrak dianalisis dengan spektroskopi UV-Vis, FTIR, dan voltametri siklik. Membran polimer PSf dibuat dengan variasi komposisi cetak 12/88-20/80 (%b/b) menggunakan teknik inversi fasa dan imersi-presipitasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan puncak serapan antosianin pada 573 nm dan 617 nm, dengan identifikasi gugus fungsi kas antosianin O-H, C-O alkohol, C=C aromatik, dan C-O-C. Celah pita (band gab) ekstrak bunga telang sebesar 0,5131 eV menunjukkan potensi baik sebagai fotosensitizer. Evaluasi kinerja DSSC menunjukkan efisiensi 1,66% tanpa elektrolit polimer dan 0,85%-1,12% dengan elektrolit polimer. Setelah 72 jam, penurunan efisiensi signifikan 71,83% tanpa elektrolit polimer dan 20,54%-21,88% dengan elektrolit polimer dengan komposisi optimal polimer elektrolit (M3). Analisis SEM dan XRD pada membran PSf/DMAc M3 menunjukkan pori-pori besar dan homogen dengan kristalinitas 27,59% bersifat amorf. Penelitian ini mengusulkan solusi praktis untuk meningkatkan stabilitas kinerja DSSC dari permasalahan kebocoran dan penguapan pelarut menggunakan elektrolit polimer PSf/DMAc berbasis natural photosensitizer ekstak bunga telang.

Kata Kunci: DSSC, Bunga Telang, Polimer Elektrolit, Polysulfone/DMAc, Stabilitas

This study was conducted to determine the effect of using telang flower extract (Clitoria ternatea) as a natural photosensitizer and PSf/DMAc polymer electrolyte composition on Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC). The extracts were analyzed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, and cyclic voltammetry. PSf polymer membranes were prepared with variations of 12/88-20/80 (%/wt) composition using phase inversion and immersion-precipitation techniques. The results showed anthocyanin absorption peaks at 573 nm and 617 nm, with identification of anthocyanin O-H, C-O alcohol, C=C aromatic, and C-O-C functional groups. The band gap of telang flower extract of 0.5131 eV shows good potential as a photosensitizer. Performance evaluation of the DSSC showed an efficiency of 1.66% without polymer electrolyte and 0.85%-1.12% with polymer electrolyte. After 72 hours, the significant efficiency decrease was 71.83% without polymer electrolyte and 20.54%-21.88% with polymer electrolyte with the optimal composition of polymer electrolyte (M3). SEM and XRD analysis of the PSf/DMAc M3 membrane showed large and homogeneous pores with 27.59% crystallinity of amorphous nature. This research proposes a practical solution to improve the stability of DSSC performance from leakage and solvent evaporation problems using PSf/DMAc polymer electrolyte based on natural photosensitizer of butterfly pea flower extract.

Keywords: DSSC, Butterfly Pea Flower, Polymer Electrolyte, Polysulfone/DMAc, Stability