Mediasi Disiplin Kerja pada Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan Motivasi Kerja terhadap Kinerja Guru SD Negeri di Kecamatan Gapura, Kabupaten Sumenep

The Mediation of Work Discipline on the Influence of Transformational Leadership and Work Motivation on Teacher Performance in State Elementary Schools of Gapura District, Sumenep Regency

Abstrak 

Habsyi, Faishal. 2025. Mediasi Disiplin Kerja pada Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan Motivasi Kerja terhadap Kinerja Guru SD Negeri di Kecamatan Gapura, Kabupaten Sumenep. Tugas Akhir, Program Studi S-2 Manajemen Pendidikan, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Pembimbing: (I) Dr. Syunu Trihantoyo, S.Pd., M.Pd. dan (II) Dr. Ainur Rifqi, S.Pd., M.Pd.

Kinerja guru merupakan elemen kunci dalam peningkatan mutu pendidikan. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh fenomena variasi kinerja guru di SD Negeri Kecamatan Gapura, yang diduga dipengaruhi oleh kepemimpinan transformasional, motivasi kerja, dan disiplin kerja. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung kepemimpinan transformasional serta motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja guru dengan disiplin kerja sebagai variabel mediasi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain explanatory survey. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh guru SD Negeri di Kecamatan Gapura, Kabupaten Sumenep, dengan sampel 82 guru yang dipilih secara proportionate random sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner tertutup yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) berbasis varian dengan SmartPLS 3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan transformasional berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja guru (β=0,424), motivasi kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja guru (β=0,271), dan disiplin kerja terbukti memediasi secara signifikan hubungan antara kepemimpinan transformasional dengan kinerja guru (β=0,211). Namun, disiplin kerja tidak memediasi hubungan motivasi kerja dengan kinerja guru. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa peningkatan kinerja guru dapat ditempuh melalui dua jalur yang berbeda: kepemimpinan transformasional tidak hanya berpengaruh langsung, tetapi juga melalui penguatan disiplin kerja, sementara motivasi kerja berpengaruh secara langsung tanpa perlu melibatkan aspek kedisiplinan terlebih dahulu. Simpulan penelitian menekankan pentingnya kepemimpinan transformasional dalam meningkatkan disiplin dan kinerja guru secara terintegrasi. Implikasinya, disiplin kerja berperan sebagai mekanisme penyalur yang efektif bagi kepemimpinan transformasional, namun tidak demikian bagi motivasi kerja. Saran yang diajukan adalah perlunya program pengembangan kepemimpinan transformasional bagi kepala sekolah dan penguatan sistem motivasi berbasis pengakuan dan pengembangan karir guru guna menciptakan ekosistem pendidikan yang lebih unggul dan berkelanjutan.

Kata kunci: kepemimpinan transformasional, motivasi kerja, disiplin kerja, kinerja guru, mediasi, SEM-PLS.

Abstract

Habsyi, Faishal. 2025. The Mediation of Work Discipline on the Influence of Transformational Leadership and Work Motivation on Teacher Performance in State Elementary Schools of Gapura District, Sumenep Regency. Final Project, Master's Program in Education Management, Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Supervisors: (I) Dr. Syunu Trihantoyo, S.Pd., M.Pd., and (II) Dr. Ainur Rifqi, S.Pd., M.Pd.

Teacher performance is a key element in improving the quality of education. This research is motivated by the phenomenon of variation in teacher performance in State Elementary Schools (SD Negeri) in Gapura District, which is suspected to be influenced by transformational leadership, work motivation, and work discipline. The aim of the study is to analyze the direct and indirect effects of transformational leadership and work motivation on teacher performance, with work discipline as a mediating variable. The research uses a quantitative approach with an explanatory survey design. The research population consists of all teachers in State Elementary Schools in Gapura District, Sumenep Regency, with a sample of 82 teachers selected through proportionate random sampling. Data were collected using closed questionnaires that had been tested for validity and reliability, and were then analyzed using variance-based Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS 3. The results show that transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance (β=0.424), work motivation has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance (β=0.271), and work discipline significantly mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and teacher performance (β=0.211). However, work discipline does not mediate the relationship between work motivation and teacher performance. These findings indicate that improving teacher performance can be achieved through two distinct pathways: transformational leadership influences performance not only directly but also through strengthening work discipline, while work motivation affects performance directly without first involving aspects of discipline. The conclusion of the study emphasizes the importance of transformational leadership in enhancing teacher discipline and performance in an integrated manner. The implication is that work discipline serves as an effective channeling mechanism for transformational leadership, but not for work motivation. The proposed recommendations include the need for transformational leadership development programs for school principals and the strengthening of motivation systems based on recognition and teacher career development, in order to create a more superior and sustainable educational ecosystem.

Keywords: transformational leadership, work motivation, work discipline, teacher performance, mediation, SEM-PLS.