Pengaruh Ketergantungan AI Generatif terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Mahasiswa

Effect of Generative AI Dependence on University Students’ Critical Thinking Skills

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh ketergantungan AI generatif terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis mahasiswa di Indonesia dengan mengendalikan variabel jenis kelamin, usia, dan frekuensi penggunaan AI. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain survei potong lintang terhadap 362 mahasiswa aktif di Indonesia tahun akademik 2025/2026 yang dipilih melalui teknik convenience sampling. Data dikumpulkan secara daring menggunakan instrumen tes berpikir kritis berbasis teori Facione (16 butir) dan Generative AI Dependency Scale (11 butir). Hasil analisis regresi linear berganda menunjukkan bahwa model penelitian signifikan secara simultan (F = 5.04; p < 0.001).  Ketergantungan terhadap AI generatif berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis mahasiswa setelah mengendalikan variabel jenis kelamin, usia, dan frekuensi penggunaan AI. Meskipun koefisien determinasi relatif rendah (R² = 0.053), temuan ini mengonfirmasi adanya hubungan negatif, yaitu semakin tinggi ketergantungan terhadap AI generatif, semakin rendah kemampuan berpikir kritis mahasiswa.

This study aims to examine the effect of generative AI dependency on the critical thinking skills of university students in Indonesia, while controlling for gender, age, and frequency of AI use. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey design was employed, involving 362 active students during the 2025/2026 academic year selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected online using a 16-item critical thinking test based on Facione’s theory and the 11-item Generative AI Dependency Scale. Multiple linear regression analysis indicates that the model is simultaneously significant (F = 5.04; p < 0.001). Generative AI dependency was found to be a significant negative predictor of critical thinking skills after controlling for gender, age, and frequency of use. Although the coefficient of determination is relatively low (R² = 0.053), these findings confirm a negative correlation, higher dependency on generative AI is associated with lower critical thinking skills among students.