KETIDAKBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DALAM NOVEL JERUM KARYA OKA RUSMINI (FEMINISME EKSISTENSIALIME SIMONE DE BEAUVOIR)

THE POWERFULNESS OF WOMEN IN THE NOVEL JERUM BY OKA RUSMINI (SIMONE DE BEAUVOIR'S EXISTENTIAL FEMINISM)

Abstrak

Kehidupan perempuan dalam novel Jerum karya Oka Rusmini mengalami ketidakberdayaan akibat stigma kuno masyarakat sekitar. Tujuan penelitian ini mendeskripsikan ketidakberdayaan tokoh perempuan dalam segi takdir, mitos dan sejarah pada novel Jerum karya Oka Rusmini. Kajian teori yang digunakan untuk mengetahui ketidakberdayaan perempuan dalam novel Jerum karya Oka Rusmini menggunakan teori Feminisme Eksistensialisme Simone De Beauvoir. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan Feminisme. Data berupa unit-unit teks dalam novel yang menunjukkan ketidakberdayaan tokoh perempuan yang dikaji berdasarkan rumusan masalah. Penelitian ini sumber data berupa novel Jerum karya Oka Rusmini. Novel tersebut diterbitkan Agustus 2020 oleh penerbit Prasasti yang beralamat di Jl. Pulau Kawe No. 62 Denpasar. Teknik dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik baca dan catat. Sedangkan teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah teknik deskriptif analisis. Hasil penelitian ini, yaitu ketidakberdayaan perempuan dalam aspek takdir dapat dilihat ketika perempuan terbelenggu dalam perasaannya, selalu menganggap dirinya pembawa sial, mengalami traumatis atas kejadian pemerkosaan yang ia alami, gambaran ideal perempuan yang harus lugu dan sederhana, dan perempuan yang harus menanggung rasa sakitnya sendiri ketika mengandung dan melahirkan. Aspek sejarah dapat dilihat pada pemikiran perempuan yang menganggap jika akan hidup enak dan bahagia ketika menikah dengan laki-laki mapan, stigma perempuan sebagai seorang istri harus mengutamakan kebutuhan suami dibandingkan kondisi dirinya sendiri, peran perempuan sebagai seorang ibu yang rela mengorbankan segala hal demi anaknya. Dan  aspek mitos dapat dilihat pada aturan yang mengharuskan perempuan harus menjaga penampilannya agar dianggap menarik dan ideal, anggapan perempuan harus menurut pada laki-laki, dan anggapan perempuan adalah makhluk yang lemah.

Kata Kunci: ketidakberdayaan perempuan, feminisme eksistensialis, Jerum, Oka Rusmini.

Abstract

The life of women in the novel Jerum by Oka Rusmini experiences powerlessness due to the ancient stigma of the surrounding community. The purpose of this study is to describe the powerlessness of female characters in the novel Jerum by Oka Rusmini. The theoretical study used to determine the powerlessness of women in the novel Jerum by Oka Rusmini uses Simone De Beauvoir's Existentialist Feminism theory. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with Feminism approach. In this study, the data are in the form of text units in the novel which show the powerlessness of the female character which is studied based on the formulation of the problem. The source of this research is the novel Jerum by Oka Rusmini. The novel was published in August 2020 by the Prasasti publisher, which is located at Jl. Kawe Island No. 62 Denpasar. The technique in this study uses reading and note-taking techniques. While the analysis technique used is descriptive analysis technique. The results of this study, namely the powerlessness of women in the aspect of destiny can be seen when women are shackled in their feelings, always consider themselves unlucky, are traumatized by the rape incident they experience, the ideal image of women who must be innocent and simple, and women who have to bear their own pain. during pregnancy and childbirth. Then the historical aspect can be seen in the thoughts of women who think that they will live comfortably and happily when married to an established man, the stigma of women as a wife must prioritize the needs of their husbands over their own conditions, the role of women as mothers who are willing to sacrifice everything for the sake of their children. . And the myth aspect can be seen in the rules that require women to maintain their appearance to be considered attractive and ideal, the assumption that women must obey men, and the assumption that women are weak creatures.

Keywords: helplessness woman’s, feminism eksistensialis, Jerum, Oka Rusmini