PENGARUH PAPARAN IKLAN TELEVISI DAN PENGETAHUAN GIZI TERHADAP POLA KONSUMSI MAKANAN JAJANAN DAN MINUMAN SISWA KELAS 8 SMPN 1 RENGEL KABUPATEN TUBAN

THE EFFECT OF TELEVISION ADVERTISING EXPOSURE AND NUTRITIONAL KNOWLEDGE ON CONSUMPTION PATTERNS OF SNACKS AND BEVERAGE OF EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS OF 1 PUBLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL RENGEL, TUBAN REGENCY

Pemilihan makanan oleh remaja merupakan keputusan pribadi yang dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai aspek, beberapa di antaranya adalah paparan iklan dan pengetahuan gizi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh paparan iklan televisi terhadap jumlah konsumsi makanan jajanan dan minuman, mengetahui pengaruh paparan iklan televisi terhadap frekuensi konsumsi makanan jajanan dan minuman, mengetahui pengaruh pengetahuan gizi terhadap jumlah konsumsi makanan jajanan dan minuman, mengetahui pengaruh pengetahuan gizi terhadap frekuensi konsumsi makanan jajanan dan minuman siswa kelas 8 SMPN 1 Rengel, Kabupaten Tuban. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan metode cross sectional, pengambilan sampel penelitian menggunakan teknik random sampling dengan responden 80 siswa. Data paparan iklan dan pengetahuan gizi diperoleh melalui pengisian kuesioner, sedangkan untuk data pola konsumsi melalui wawancara dengan pengisian formulir SQFFQ. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi Square untuk paparan iklan terhadap pola konsumsi dan Rank Spearman untuk pengetahuan gizi terhadap pola konsumsi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paparan iklan tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah konsumsi makanan jajanan dan minuman (p = 0,823), paparan iklan berpengaruh terhadap frekuensi konsumsi makanan jajanan dan minuman berpengaruh (p = 0,026), pengetahuan gizi tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah konsumsi makanan jajanan dan minuman dengan korelasi negatif lemah (r = -0,043; p = 0,704), dan pengetahuan gizi berpengaruh terhadap frekuensi konsumsi makanan jajanan dan minuman, dengan korelasi negatif cukup (r = -0,254; p = 0,023). Sehingga dapat ditarik simpulan bahwa keterpaparan iklan dan pengetahuan gizi kurang dapat mempengaruhi jumlah konsumsi makanan jajanan dan minuman. Namun pada pengetahuan gizi bernilai negatif, yang dapat menunjukkan semakin baik pengetahuan gizi semakin sedikit atau rendah kekerapan frekuensi makanan jajanan dan minuman.

Kata Kunci: Paparan Iklan Televisi, Pengetahuan Gizi, Pola Konsumsi.

Food choices by adolescents are personal decisions that can be influenced by various aspects, some of which are exposure to advertising and nutritional knowledge. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of exposure to television advertisements on the amount of snack food and beverage consumption, to determine the effect of exposure to television advertisements on the frequency of snack food and beverage consumption, to determine the influence of nutritional knowledge on the amount of snack food and beverage consumption, to find out the effect of nutritional knowledge on the amount of snack food and beverage consumption, to find out the effect of nutritional knowledge on the frequency of snack food and beverage consumption of 8th grade students of SMPN 1 Rengel, Tuban Regency. The type of quantitative research uses the cross sectional method, the research sampling uses random sampling techniques with 80 student respondents. Data on advertising exposure and nutritional knowledge were obtained through filling out questionnaires, while consumption pattern data was obtained through interviews with filling out the SQFFQ form. Data analysis uses the Chi Square test for ad exposure to consumption patterns and Rank Spearman for nutritional knowledge on consumption patterns. The results showed that exposure to advertising had no effect on the number of snack food and beverage consumption (p = 0.823), advertising exposure had an effect on the frequency of consumption of snack food and beverages (p = 0.026), nutritional knowledge had no effect on the number of snack food and beverage consumption with a weak negative correlation (r = -0.043; p = 0.704), and nutritional knowledge had an effect on the frequency of consumption of snack food and beverages, with a sufficient negative correlation (r = -0.254; p = 0.023). So it can be concluded that exposure to advertising and lack of nutritional knowledge can affect the amount of food consumption, snacks and drinks. However, nutritional knowledge has a negative value, which can show that the better the nutritional knowledge, the less or less frequent the frequency of snack foods and drinks.

Key word: Television Advertising Exposure, Nutrition Knowledge, Consumption Pattern.