TINJAUAN YURIDIS PERLINDUNGAN DAN PENGAKUAN HAK ULAYAT MASYARAKAT HUKUM ADAT DI PAPUA

JURIDICAL REVIEW ON THE PROTECTION AND
RECOGNITION OF THE TRUE RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES IN PAPUA

Penelitian ini berfokus pada pengakuan dan perlindungan terhadap Masyarakat Hukum Adat di Papua, khususnya berkaitan dengan hak ulayat. Isu hukum yang dikaji adalah berkaitan dengan pengaturan hukum di daerah Papua berkaitan dengan pengakuan dan perlindungan terhadap hak ulayat Masyarakat Hukum Adat Papua. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menegaskan bahwa pengaturan mengenai upaya perlindungan dan pengakuan hak ulayat Masyarakat Hukum Adat di Papua secara umum sudah diatur melalui Peraturan Daerah di masing-masing Kabupaten atau Kota. Yang menjadi pembeda berkaitan dengan pengaturan mengenai upaya perlindungan dan pengakuan hak ulayat Masyarakat Hukum Adat di Papua adalah tindak lanjut dari Peraturan Daerah di masing-masing Kabupaten atau Kota yang berbeda-beda sesuai dengan kebijakan daerah. Implikasi hukum terkait pengaturan mengenai perlindungan dan pengakuan hak ulayat Masyarakat Hukum Adat di Papua sejatinya sudah menjamin adanya eksistensi hak ulayat Masyarakat Hukum Adat di Papua. Meski begitu, pembenahan perlu dilakukan khususnya berkaitan pengaturan lebih lanjut berkaitan dengan pengaturan mengenai perlindungan dan pengakuan hak ulayat Masyarakat Hukum Adat di Papua seperti: perlu pembinaan dan pendampingan mengenai pembentukan Peraturan Kampung di masing-masing kampung adat di Jayapura, perlu memastikan dan mengawal identifikasi hak ulayat dan kearifan lokal Masyarakat Hukum Adat Moi, serta terkait dengan penetapan hutan adat bagi Masyarakat Hukum Adat di Teluk Bintuni sebelum dikeluarkan SK Bupati, alangkah lebih baiknya perlu dibentuk Peraturan Bupati yang menjelaskan terkait penetapan hutan adat bagi Masyarakat Hukum Adat di Teluk Bintuni sebelum dikeluarkannya SK Bupati. Upaya optimalisasi perlindungan dan pengakuan hak ulayat Masyarakat Hukum Adat di Papua harus mengacu pada tiga tahap pengakuan terhadap Masyarakat Hukum Adat sebagaimana tercantum dalam Permendagri Pengakuan dan Perlindungan Masyarakat Hukum Adat yang meliputi identifikasi, verifikasi, dan penetapan yang melibatkan peran daerah. Selain itu, pengesahan RUU Masyarakat Hukum Adat dapat menjadi solusi jangka panjang dalam memberikan pengakuan dan perlindungan bagi hak ulayat Masyarakat Hukum Adat.

Kata Kunci: Masyarakat Hukum Adat, Pengakuan dan Perlindungan, Otonomi Khusus Papua.

This research focuses on the recognition and protection of the Indigenous Peoples in Papua, particularly with regard to customary rights. The legal issues studied are related to legal arrangements in the Papua region relating to the recognition and protection of the customary rights of the Papuan Customary Law Community. This research is a normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches. The results of the study confirmed that arrangements regarding efforts to protect and recognize the customary rights of Indigenous Peoples in Papua in general have been regulated through Regional Regulations in each Regency or City. What makes the difference with regard to arrangements regarding efforts to protect and recognize customary law community rights in Papua is the follow-up of regional regulations in each district or city which vary according to regional policies. The legal implications related to regulation regarding the protection and recognition of customary rights of the Indigenous Peoples in Papua have actually guaranteed the existence of the customary rights of the Indigenous Law Communities in Papua. Even so, improvements need to be made, especially with regard to further arrangements relating to arrangements regarding the protection and recognition of customary rights of the Indigenous Law Community in Papua, such as: needing guidance and assistance regarding the formation of Village Regulations in each customary village in Jayapura, needing to ensure and oversee the identification of rights ulayat and local wisdom of the Moi Customary Law Community, as well as related to the establishment of customary forests for Customary Law Communities in Bintuni Bay before the Regent's Decree is issued, it would be better if a Regent Regulation was issued explaining the determination of customary forest for the Customary Law Community in Bintuni Bay prior to the issuance of the Decree Regent. Efforts to optimize the protection and recognition of customary law community customary rights in Papua must refer to the three stages of recognition of customary law communities as stated in the Minister of Home Affairs for Recognition and Protection of customary law communities which include identification, verification and determination involving regional roles. In addition, the ratification of the Customary Law Community Bill can be a long-term solution in providing recognition and protection for the customary rights of the Indigenous Peoples.

Keywords: Customary Law Community, Recognition and Protection, Special Autonomy for Papua.