PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS PESERTA DIDIK SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 2 TAMAN
THE EFFECT OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) ON STUDENTS' CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 2 TAMAN
Nama : Aprillita Eka Fernanda
NIM : 20041344031
Program Studi : S1 Pendidikan IPS
Fakultas : Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik
Nama Lembaga : Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Pembimbing : Muhammad Ilyas Marzuqi, M.Pd.
Pendidikan memiliki peran penting dalam membentuk manusia yang cerdas, berkarakter, dan berlandaskan nilai-nilai Pancasila. Namun, kenyataan menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik masih rendah, terutama dalam keterlibatan aktif selama proses pembelajaran. Peserta didik cenderung pasif, kurang berani mengemukakan pendapat, serta belum mampu memecahkan masalah secara mandiri. Kondisi tersebut menuntut adanya inovasi model pembelajaran yang dapat menumbuhkan kemampuan berpikir kritis sesuai dengan tuntutan abad ke-21. Salah satu model pembelajaran yang dinilai efektif untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut adalah Problem Based Learning (PBL) karena berfokus pada pemecahan masalah kontekstual dan melatih peserta didik berpikir analitis serta kreatif.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik di SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Taman. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain quasi experimental tipe non-equivalent control group design. Sampel penelitian terdiri atas 56 peserta didik, yaitu kelas VIII B sebagai kelas eksperimen yang diberi perlakuan menggunakan model PBL dan kelas VIII E sebagai kelas kontrol yang menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional.
Data dikumpulkan melalui tes kemampuan berpikir kritis, observasi, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji validitas, reliabilitas, normalitas, homogenitas, uji N-Gain, dan uji t dengan bantuan program SPSS 16.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan pada keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik setelah diterapkannya model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL), dengan kategori peningkatan sedang hingga tinggi berdasarkan hasil uji N-Gain. Selain itu, hasil uji t menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Dengan demikian, penerapan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik dan dapat dijadikan alternatif strategi pembelajaran inovatif di sekolah menengah.
Kata Kunci: Pendidikan, Berpikir Kritis, Problem Based Learning (PBL), SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Taman
Name : Aprillita Eka Fernanda
Study Program : Social Science Education
Faculty : Social Science and Political Science
Institution : State Univercity of Surabaya
Supervisor : Muhammad Ilyas Marzuqi, M.Pd.
Education plays a crucial role in shaping intelligent, character-based individuals grounded in Pancasila values. However, the reality is that students' critical thinking skills remain low, particularly in terms of active involvement during the learning process. Students tend to be passive, less confident in expressing their opinions, and unable to solve problems independently. This situation demands innovative learning models that can foster critical thinking skills in line with the demands of the 21st century. One learning model considered effective in achieving these goals is Problem-Based Learning (PBL), as it focuses on contextual problem-solving and trains students to think analytically and creatively.
This study aims to determine the effect of the implementation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model on the critical thinking skills of students at SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Taman. The study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design of the non-equivalent control group design. The research sample consisted of 56 students, namely class VIII B as the experimental class given treatment using the PBL model and class VIII E as the control class using conventional learning.
Data were collected through critical thinking ability tests, observation, and documentation. They were then analyzed using validity, reliability, normality, homogeneity, N-Gain tests, and t-tests using SPSS 16.0. The results showed a significant increase in students' critical thinking skills after the implementation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model, with the improvement categorized as moderate to high based on the N-Gain test results. Furthermore, the t-test results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control classes. Thus, the implementation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model has proven effective in improving students' critical thinking skills and can be used as an alternative innovative learning strategy in secondary schools.
Keywords: Education, Critical Thinking, Problem Based Learning (PBL), SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Taman