Sengketa bersenjata internasional di Suriah sejak tahun 2011 hingga saat ini menunjukkan salah satu akibat yang menonjol yaitu adanya penyerangan terhadap petugas medis yang berada di wilayah konflik tersebut. Terdapat laporan yang menyatakan bahwa penyerangan tersebut disengaja, namun pihak Suriah dan sekutunya menyebut bahwa penyerangan tersebut tidak disengaja. Petugas medis berdasarkan Hukum Humaniter Internasional memiliki perlindungan hukum untuk selalu dihormati, dilindungi dalam segala keadaan dan tidak boleh diserang sesuai dengan Pasal 24 Konvensi Jenewa I 1949, Pasal 20 Paragraf 1 Konvensi Jenewa IV 1949, Pasal 12 (1) Protokol Tambahan I 1977 dan Pasal 9 (1) Protokol Tambahan II 1977.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dan merumuskan (1) apakah penyerangan petugas medis dalam international armed conflict di Suriah merupakan intentional attack yang termasuk sebagai pelanggaran berat Hukum Humaniter Internasional (2) bagaimana penyelesaian sengketa pelanggaran penyerangan petugas medis dalam international armed conflict di Suriah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual serta menggunakan teknik analisa preskriptif.
Hasil penelitian dan pembahasan menjelaskan bahwa terdapat penyerangan sengaja oleh pihak Suriah dan sekutunya terhadap petugas medis yang merupakan pelanggaran berat Hukum Humaniter Internasional karena telah melanggar ketentuan dalam Konvensi Jenewa I dan IV 1949, Protokol Tambahan I dan II 1977, prinsip kepentingan militer, kemanusiaan dan pembeda serta tidak sesuai dengan tujuan utama Hukum Humaniter Internasional. Bentuk penyelesaian sengketa pelanggaran penyerangan petugas medis di Suriah yaitu melalui Majelis Umum PBB berdasarkan Resolusi 377A (V) “Uniting for Peace” 1950. Kedua, melalui pengadilan hibrida karena pengadilan nasional Suriah tidak mampu dalam mengadili pelaku kejahatan perang yang diduga yaitu Presiden Bashar Al-Assad. Ketiga, melalui laporan atau tuntutan kepada ICC dari negara pengirim petugas medis yang merupakan negara peserta dari statuta berdasarkan Pasal 14 Statuta Roma 1998 karena Suriah bukan negara peserta statuta.
Kata Kunci: Penyerangan Petugas Medis, Penyelesaian Sengketa.
The international armed conflict in Syria since 2011 until today shows one prominent effect that is attacks medical personnel who were in the conflict zone. There are report which state that the attacks was intentional, but Syria and their allies state that the attacks was unintentional. Based on international humanitarian law, medical personnel has legal protection that they shall be respected, protected in all circumstances and shall not to be attacked in accordance with Article 24 of the First Geneva Convention 1949, Article 20 Paragraph 1 of the Fourth Geneva Convention 1949, Article 12 (1) of Additional Protocol I 1977 and Article 9 (1) of Additional Protocol II 1977.
The purpose of this research are to analyze and formulate (1) whether attacking medical personnel in international armed conflict at Syria is an intentional attack that included as grave breaches of international humanitarian law (2) the forms of dispute resolution for violation attacking medical personnel in international armed conflict at Syria. This research is a normative legal research by using a statute approach and conceptual approach as well as using prescriptive analysis.
The results of the research and discussion to explain that there was an intentional attack to medical personnel by Syria and their allies which is a grave breaches of international humanitarian law because has violated the provisions of the Geneva Convention I and IV 1949, Additional Protocols I and II 1977, principles of military necessity, humanitarian and distinction and also does not correspond to the main purpose of international humanitarian law. The form of resolution of the dispute over the attack of medical personnel in Syria, namely through the General Assembly based on Resolution 377A (V) “Uniting for Peace” in 1950. Second, through a hybrid court because Syria national court not able to prosecute war crimes perpetrators, suspected was President Bashar Al-Assad. Third, through reports or claim to ICC from the countries who sending medical officers who became a participant in the Rome Statute according to Article 14 of Rome Statute 1998 because Syria is not a participant of Rome Statute.
Keywords: Medical Personnel Attacks, Dispute Resolution