TWINKLE-TWINKLE VARIATION 6 TO 12 KARYA W. A. MOZART DALAM TINJAUAN VARIASI MELODI DAN TEKNIK PERMAINAN INSTRUMEN PIANO

TWINKLE-TWINKLE VARIATION 6 TO 12 BY W. A. MOZART, AN OVERVIEW OF MELODIC VARATION AND PIANO INSTRUMENT TECHNIC 

Twinkle-Twinkle in 12 Variations karya W. A. Mozart memiliki 12 variasi melodi dengan karakteristik satu dengan lainnya. Penelitian dilakukan pada variasi 6-12 karena pada variasi tersebut terdapat banyak kompleksitas mulai dari variasi melodi hingga teknik permainan piano. Peneliti menggunakan dua pendekatan yaitu pendekatan kualitatif dan pendekatan musikologi. Hasil analisis didapat, Mozart menggunakan 4 bentuk variasi melodi yaitu Variation Rhythmic and Fake Rhythmic, Melodic Variation and Fake, variasi harmoni, dan variasi polifon. Selain itu, Mozart menggunakan 6 macam teknik permainan piano: power, speed, scales, trill, legato dan staccato. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin beragam variasi yang digunakan, maka semakin kompleks pula teknik permainan yang harus diaplikasikan dalam repertoar tersebut. Hal ini pula yang ditunjukkan dan menjadi kekhasan dalam “Twinkle-Twinkle” W. A. Mozart, dimana pada variasi 6-12 memiliki beragam variasi melodi yang harus didukung dengan kompleksitas teknik permainan piano dalam pengaplikasiannya. 

Kata Kunci : Mozart, Periode Klasik, Piano, Teknik Permainan, Variasi Melodi

Twinkle-Twinkle in 12 Variations by Mozart which has 12 variations of the melody with the characteristics one of another. The research was conducted on variations 6-12 because in those variations, there are many complexities starting from variations of the melody to piano techniques. Researchers used two main approaches, qualitative approach and musicology approach. The results showed, Mozart uses 4 forms of melodic variations: Rhythmic and Fake Rhythmic Variations, Melodic Variations and Fake, harmony variations, and polyphonic variations. Mozart uses 6 different piano techniques: power, speed, scales, trill, legato and staccato. The results showed that the more various variations were used, the more complex techniques to be applied. This is also shown and becomes a peculiarity in Mozart's “Twinkle-Twinkle”, which in variations 6 to 12 have various types of melodic variations and that must be supported by the complexity of piano techniques in their application.

Keywords: Mozart, Classical Period, Piano, Piano Technique, Melodic Variation