Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran IPA Model Guided Inquiry Berbasis Real Laboratory Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Murid SMA

Development of Science Learning Devices Using the Guided Inquiry Model Based on Real Laboratory to Improve Students' Critical Thinking Skills

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan validitas, kepraktisan, dan

keefektifan perangkat pembelajaran sains model Guided Inquiry berbasis

real laboratory pada materi energi alternatif untuk meningkatkan

keterampilan berpikir kritis murid. Latar belakang penelitian dimulai dari

rendahnya keterampilan berpikir kritis murid yang terlihat pada pra-

penelitian di SMA Kartika IV-3 Surabaya. Perangkat yang dikembangkan

meliputi modul ajar, handout, Lembar Kerja Murid, dan instrumen tes,

disusun menggunakan model pengembangan 4D (Define, Design, Develop,

Disseminate) serta dirancang mengikuti sintaks Guided Inquiry berbasis real

laboratory yaitu orientasi masalah, perumusan hipotesis, pengumpulan data

melalui eksperimen nyata, analisis data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Uji

validitas melibatkan tiga dosen ahli dan menunjukkan bahwa seluruh

perangkat berada pada kategori sangat valid. Kepraktisan diperoleh

melalui observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran dan aktivitas murid pada

uji coba terbatas di kelas XA–XB dan uji coba luas di kelas XD–XE SMA

Kartika IV-3 serta kelas X2–X3 SMA Negeri 6 Surabaya, dengan hasil berada

pada kategori sangat baik. Keefektifan dianalisis dari peningkatan skor

keterampilan berpikir kritis melalui pre-test dan post-test serta perhitungan

N-Gain pada kelas eksperimen dibandingkan kelas kontrol. Hasil

menunjukkan peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kritis dengan kategori

sedang dan nilai signifikansi < 0,05 pada sebagian besar perbandingan

antar kelas, yang berarti terdapat perbedaan peningkatan yang signifikan

setelah penerapan perangkat. Namun, penelitian ini memiliki keterbatasan

pada jumlah kelas yang digunakan dalam uji coba, sehingga hasil

penelitian belum sepenuhnya merepresentasikan penerapan perangkat

pembelajaran pada populasi yang lebih luas. Dengan demikian, perangkat

pembelajaran Guided Inquiry berbasis real laboratory yang dikembangkan

terbukti valid, praktis, dan efektif dalam meningkatkan keterampilan

berpikir kritis murid.

This study aims to describe the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of

Guided Inquiry-based real laboratory science learning materials on

alternative energy topic to improve students' critical thinking skills. The

background of this study from the low critical thinking skills of students as

seen in the pre-study at Kartika IV-3 High School in Surabaya. The materials

developed include teaching modules, handouts, student worksheets, and

test instruments, compiled using the 4D development model (Define,

Design, Develop, Disseminate) and designed following the syntax of

Guided Inquiry based on real laboratories, namely problem orientation,

hypothesis formulation, data collection through real experiments, data

analysis, and conclusion drawing. The validity test involved three expert

lecturers and showed that all tools were highly valid. Practicality was

obtained through observation of the implementation of learning and

student activities in limited trials in classes XA–XB and extensive trials in

classes XD–XE at Kartika IV-3 High School and classes X2–X3 at State High

School 6 Surabaya, with results in the very good category. Effectiveness was

analyzed from the improvement in critical thinking skills scores through

pre-tests and post-tests as well as N-Gain calculations in the experimental

class compared to the control class. The results showed an increase in

critical thinking skills in the moderate category and a significance value of

< 0.05 in most comparisons between classes, which means that there was a

significant difference in improvement after the application of the material.

However, this study has limitations in the number of classes used in the

trial, so the results of the study do not fully represent the application of

learning devices to a wider population.Thus, the Guided Inquiry learning

tool based on a real laboratory that was developed proved to be valid,

practical, and effective in improving students' critical thinking skills