INTONASI EKSPRESI BAHASA INDONESIA PADA PENUTUR JAWA SURABAYA: KAJIAN FONETIK AKUSTIK

INTONATION OF INDONESIAN LANGUAGE EXPRESSION IN JAVANESE SPEAKERS IN SURABAYA: AN ACOUSTIC PHONETIC STUDY

Komunikasi sehari-hari sering menghadapi tantangan miskomunikasi yang disebabkan oleh ketidakakuratan dalam menangkap makna intonasi. Sebagai elemen penting, intonasi tidak hanya memperjelas makna ujaran tetapi juga menyampaikan ekspresi pembicara, sehingga kesalahan dalam menafsirkannya dapat memicu kesalahpahaman, khususnya dalam konteks budaya yang beragam di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan fonetik akustik melalui perangkat lunak Praat untuk menganalisis pola intonasi berupa nada dan panjang bunyi pada penutur bahasa Indonesia oleh penutur Jawa Surabaya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ekspresi senang memiliki nada tinggi stabil dan durasi singkat, marah ditandai nada tinggi dengan intensitas kuat dan durasi panjang, sedih dicirikan nada rendah dan durasi panjang, sedangkan takut menunjukkan pola zigzag dengan nada naik-turun dan durasi panjang di akhir tuturan. Tingkat pengenalan ekspresi bervariasi pada kata seperti "apa," "ayo," "boleh," "mau," dan "iya," di mana marah paling mudah dikenali dan takut paling sulit dikenali. Temuan ini menegaskan peran prosodi, khususnya nada dan durasi, dalam menyampaikan ekspresi serta memberikan kontribusi penting pada kajian fonetik akustik bahasa Indonesia dan komunikasi lintas budaya.

Everyday communication often faces the challenge of miscommunication caused by inaccuracies in interpreting the meaning of intonation. As a vital element, intonation not only clarifies the meaning of speech but also conveys the speaker's expression, making errors in interpretation a potential trigger for misunderstandings, especially in Indonesia's diverse cultural context. This study employs an acoustic phonetic approach using Praat software to analyze intonation patterns, specifically pitch and duration, in Indonesian speakers with Javanese Surabaya backgrounds. The findings reveal that expressions of happiness exhibit stable high pitch and short duration, anger is marked by high pitch with strong intensity and long duration, sadness is characterized by low pitch and long duration, while fear shows a zigzag pattern with rising and falling pitch and prolonged duration at the end of the utterance. Recognition levels of expressions vary in words like "apa" (what), "ayo" (let's go), "boleh" (may), "mau" (want), and "iya" (yes), with anger being the easiest to recognize and fear the most challenging. These findings highlight the role of prosody, particularly pitch and duration, in conveying expressions and provide significant contributions to the study of Indonesian acoustic phonetics and cross-cultural communication.