Hubungan Faktor Lingkungan terhadap Keanekaragaman Belalang dan Hubungan Antarkarakter Morfometri Belalang di Hutan Kota Surabaya

The Relationship of Environmental Factors to Grasshopper Diversity and the Relationship between Grasshopper Morphometric Characters in the Surabaya City Forest

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi jenis belalang di hutan kota Surabaya, menganalisis indeks keanekaragamannya, menganalisis hubungan faktor lingkungan terhadap keanekaragaman belalang, dan pengaruh antarkarakter morfometri belalang terhadap fungsi gerak. Metode sampling yang digunakan adalah scan sampling dan point count menggunakan sweep net, sampel diukur morfometrinya dan diidentifikasi. Data parameter lingkungan meliputi suhu, pH tanah, kelembapan dan intensitas cahaya dianalisis menggunakan uji regresi linier berganda dan data morfometri dianalisis dengan uji komponen utama atau PCA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di hutan kota Surabaya ditemukan enam spesies belalang yaitu Atractomorpha crenulate, Oxya chinensis, Conocephalus maculatus, Acrida cronica, Chorthippus biguttulus, dan Dissosteira carolina. Berdasarkan nilai indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Weinner 1,53 menunjukkan bahwa keanekaragaman belalang di hutan kota Surabaya masuk dalam kategori sedang. Hubungan parameter lingkungan dengan keanekaragaman dikategorikan berhubungan lemah dengan persentase 5,2%. Hasil PCA Karakter Morfometri panjang tubuh, panjang antena, panjang kaki depan, panjang kaki belakang, panjang kaki tengah, lebar sayap depan, lebar sayap belakang, panjang sayap depan, dan panjang sayap belakang mempunyai korelasi yang kuat dihubungkan dengan keseimbangan tubuh, dan pergerakan aktivitas belalang. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan indeks keanekaragaman belalang dihutan kota Surabaya sedang, faktor lingkungan dan keanekaragaman belalang saling berhubungan dan delapan karakter morfometri belalang juga saling berhubungan terhadap fungsi gerak.

             Kata kunci: Keanekaragaman; faktor lingkungan; morfometri; hutan hota; belalang

This study aims to identify diversity of grasshoppers found in urban forests of Surabaya, to analyze their diversity index, than to analyze the relationship between grasshopper diversity with the current environmental condition, and to analyze the effect of morphometrical characteristics of grasshoppers with function of motion. The sampling method was taken with scan sampling and point count using a sweep net, then the sample is examined and identified for its morphometrical characteristic. The environmental data measured are temperature, pH, humidity and brightness which will be analyzed using multiple linear regression test and morphometrical data will be analyzed using principal component analysis test (PCA). The results showed that in the urban forest of Surabaya, there were six species of grasshoppers, Atractomorpha crenulate, Oxya chinensis, Conocephalus maculatus, Acrida cronica, Chorthippus biguttulus, and Dissosteira carolina. The diversity index is 1.53 which include as medium category. The relationship between environmental parameters and grasshopper diversity is weak by the percentage of 5.2%. PCA Result based on Morphometrical Characters length, front leg length, antenna length, hind leg length, middle leg length, front wing width, rear wing width, front wing length, and rear wing length have a strong correlation related to their body balance, and movement activity. So it can be concluded that the diversity index of grasshoppers in the forest of Surabaya is medium, environmental factors and grasshopper diversity are interrelated and the eight morphometric characters of grasshoppers are also interrelated with the function of motion.

Kata kunci: Diversity ; environmental factors ; morphometry ; city forest ; grasshopper