Path Analysis Model: Pemetaan Hubungan Antara Internal Locus Of Control, Self-Efficacy, dan Resilience Terhadap Kematangan Karier Siswa SMK Negeri Surabaya

Path Analysis Model: Mapping the Relationship Between Internal Locus of Control, Self-Efficacy, and Resilience Toward Career Maturity of Vocational High School Students in Surabaya

Penelitian ini memetakan hubungan antara internal locus of control, self-efficacy, dan resilience terhadap kematangan karier siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) Negeri di Surabaya dengan menggunakan teknik path analysis berbasis Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Tingginya angka pengangguran lulusan SMK, yang salah satunya disebabkan oleh rendahnya kematangan karier siswa. Kematangan karier dianggap sebagai kesiapan siswa dalam membuat keputusan karier yang tepat serta kemampuan menghadapi dinamika dunia kerja. Penelitian ini melibatkan 735 siswa SMK Negeri Surabaya sebagai responden. Seluruh konstruk dalam penelitian ini terbukti valid dan reliabel dengan nilai AVE > 0,87 dan composite reliability serta Cronbach’s Alpha > 0,99. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa semua variabel memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kematangan karier, baik secara langsung maupun melalui jalur mediasi. Self-efficacy menunjukkan pengaruh paling kuat terhadap kematangan karier (T-statistik = 9,994; P = 0,000), diikuti oleh resilience (T = 8,359; P = 0,000), dan internal locus of control (T = 6,747; P = 0,000). Self-efficacy berkontribusi dalam membangun kepercayaan diri siswa terhadap kemampuan menghadapi tantangan karier, internal locus of control mendorong siswa merasa bertanggung jawab atas pilihan kariernya, dan resilience memperkuat daya tahan siswa dalam menghadapi hambatan. Selain itu, ditemukan bahwa resilience berperan sebagai mediator dalam hubungan antara self-efficacy maupun internal locus of control terhadap kematangan karier.  Temuan ini memperkuat peran ketiga variabel psikologis tersebut sebagai prediktor utama dalam membentuk kematangan karier. Implikasi dari penelitian ini mengarah pada pentingnya intervensi bimbingan dan konseling di SMK yang menekankan penguatan ketiga faktor tersebut guna meningkatkan kesiapan siswa dalam menentukan dan menjalani karier masa depan mereka. Penelitian ini juga berkontribusi dalam pengembangan model konseptual kematangan karier berbasis faktor-faktor psikologis internal pada siswa SMK.

This study maps the relationship between internal locus of control, self-efficacy, and resilience toward the career maturity of students at State Vocational High Schools (SMK) in Surabaya using a path analysis technique based on Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The background of the study stems from the high unemployment rate among vocational school graduates, partly due to low levels of career maturity. Career maturity is regarded as the students' readiness to make appropriate career decisions and their ability to cope with the dynamics of the working world. A total of 735 students from State Vocational High Schools in Surabaya participated in the study. All constructs in the study proved to be valid and reliable with AVE values > 0.87 and composite reliability and Cronbach’s Alpha values > 0.99. The results of the analysis indicate that all variables have a significant influence on career maturity, both directly and indirectly through mediation paths. Self-efficacy had the strongest effect on career maturity (T-statistic = 9.994; P = 0.000), followed by resilience (T = 8.359; P = 0.000), and internal locus of control (T = 6.747; P = 0.000). Self-efficacy contributes to building students’ confidence in facing career challenges, internal locus of control encourages students to take responsibility for their career choices, and resilience strengthens students' endurance in overcoming obstacles. Additionally, resilience was found to mediate the relationship between self-efficacy and internal locus of control toward career maturity. These findings reinforce the role of the three psychological variables as key predictors in shaping students’ career maturity. The implications of this study highlight the importance of guidance and counseling interventions in vocational schools that emphasize strengthening these three psychological factors to enhance students' readiness in planning and pursuing their future careers. This research also contributes to the development of a conceptual model of career maturity based on internal psychological factors among vocational school students.