Produksi dan Uji Karakteristik Biobriket dari Arang Tempurung Kelapa dan Tongkol Jagung dengan Aditif Minyak Kayu Putih

Production and Characteristics Test Bio-Char Briquettes from Coconut Shells and Corncobs using Cajuput Oil Additives

Sektor pertanian merupakan penyumbang limbah terbesar yang berpotensi untuk dijadikan biomassa seperti singkong, jerami, tebu, tongkol jagung dan tempurung kelapa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik biobriket (kadar air, kadar abu, kadar zat menguap, kadar karbon terikat, laju pembakaran, nilai kalor dan nilai ekonomis) dengan penambahan zat aditif minyak kayu putih.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Dalam penelitian ini bahan baku yang digunakan adalah arang tempurung kelapa, arang tongkol jagung dan tepung tapioka dengan perbandingan (70:20:10). Setelah semua bahan dicampurkan, selanjutnya dicetak pada cetakan kubus dengan ukuran 2,5 cm dengan pembebanan sebesar 100 kg. Setelah briket dicetak dan dikeringkan dengan oven pada suhu 70 oC selama 6 jam yang kemudian diberikan aditif minyak kayu putih (3%, 5%, 7%) dari massa total briket setelah dikeringkan. Selanjutnya biobriket diuji karakteristiknya (kadar air, kadar abu, kadar zat menguap, laju pembakaran dan nilai kalor sesuai SNI 01-6235-2000). Untuk analisis kadar karbon terikat didapatkan dengan melakukan penghitungan dari hasil penjumlahan hasil kadar air, kadar abu dan kadar zat menguap.

Hasil penelitian biobriket arang terbaik, jika ditinjau dari SNI 01-6235-2000 pada penambahan aditif minyak kayu putih 5% yaitu 7,7% kadar air, 7,9% kadar abu, 0,942% kadar zat menguap, 84,508% kadar karbon terikat, 0,161 g/menit laju pembakaran dan nilai kalor sebesar 5826,25 kal/g. Hasil terendah pada penelitian ini yaitu biobriket arang non aditif dengan 3,78% kadar air, 11,7% kadar abu, 0,896% kadar zat menguap, 83,651% kadar karbon terikat dan nilai kalor 5512,37 kal/g.

The agricultural sector is the largest contributor of waste that has the potential to be used as biomass, such as cassava, straw, sugar cane, corn cobs and coconut shells. This research aims to analyze the characteristics of biobriquettes (water content, ash content, volatile matter content, bound carbon content, combustion rate, calorific value and economic value) with the addition of cajuput oil additives.

This research uses experimental methods. In this research, the raw materials used were coconut shell charcoal, corn cob charcoal and tapioca flour in the ratio (70:20:10). After all the ingredients are mixed, it is then printed in a cube mold with dimensions of 2.5 X 2.5 X 2.5 cm with a load of 100 kg. After the briquettes are molded and dried in an oven at 70oC for 6 hours, cajuput oil (3%, 5%, 7%) is then added from the total mass of the briquettes after drying. Next, the biobriquettes were tested for their characteristics (moisture content, ash content, volatile matter content, combustion rate and calorific value using SNI 01-6235-2000 standarts). To analyze the bound carbon content, it is obtained by calculating the results of the sum of the water content, ash content and volatile matter content.

The results of the best charcoal biobriquette research, if viewed from SNI 01-6235-2000 with the addition of 5% cajuput oil additive, namely 7.7% water content, 7.9% ash content, 0.942% volatile matter content, 84.508% bound carbon content, 0.161 g/minute combustion rate and heating value of 5826.25 cal/g. The lowest results in this research were non-additive charcoal biobriquettes with 3.78% water content, 11.7% ash content, 0.896% volatile matter content, 83.651% bound carbon content and a calorific value of 5512.37 cal/g.