Optimasi Komposisi Triple Component Blending Berbasis Caesalpinia Sappan L., Dracaena Angustifolia, dan Clitoria Ternatea L. Terhadap Efisiensi Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC)

Optimization of Composition of Triple Component Blending Based on Caesalpinia Sappan L., Dracaena Angustifolia, and Clitoria Ternatea L. on Efficiency Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC)

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) menawarkan solusi berkelanjutan untuk tantangan energi global dengan mengubah sinar matahari menjadi listrik menggunakan pewarna fotosensitif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh komposisi triple component blending photosensitizer alami berbasis Caesalpinia Sappan L., Dracaena Angustifolia, dan Clitoria Ternatea L. terhadap efisiensi DSSC. Ekstraksi pewarna dilakukan dengan maserasi, menghasilkan kombinasi single, double, dan triple component blending. Spektrofotometri UV-Vis menunjukkan peningkatan serapan pada 400-700 nm. Kombinasi F11 memiliki puncak serapan pada 534,22; 573,64; 619,12; dan 664,21 nm karena sembilan ikatan rangkap terkonjugasi dan transfer elektron dari gugus C=C dan karbonil. Triple component blending menunjukkan energi celah pita terendah (0,3392-0,4469 eV) dibanding double component (0,4549-0,5778 eV) dan single (0,4541-0,6248 eV), mengindikasikan kemampuan pemanenan cahaya yang lebih baik. Analisis FTIR mengonfirmasi struktur kimia dengan puncak bilangan gelombang pada 3332 cm^-1 (hidroksil), 2919 cm^-1 dan 1732 cm^-1 (alkana dan karboksil selulosa), serta 1672 cm^-1 (C=C lignin aromatik). Campuran F11 optimal (rasio 1:2:1) mencapai efisiensi tertinggi 3,24% dengan celah pita 0,3392 eV. Hasil ini menunjukkan potensi campuran pewarna alami sebagai photosensitizer dalam DSSC, peningkatan penyerapan spektrum, stabilitas yang baik, dan peningkatan pembangkit arus listrik.

Kata Kunci: Dye-sensitized solar cells, Triple-component blending, Caesalpinia sappan L., Dracaena angustifolia, Clitoria ternatea L.

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) offer a sustainable solution to global energy challenges by converting sunlight into electricity using photosensitive dyes. This study aims to investigate the effect of the composition of triple-component blending of natural photosensitizers based on Caesalpinia sappan L., Dracaena angustifolia, and Clitoria ternatea L. on DSSC efficiency. Dye extraction was performed via maceration, yielding single, double, and triple component blending combinations. UV-Vis spectrophotometry revealed increased absorption at 400–700 nm. The F11 combination had absorption peaks at 534.22, 573.64, 619.12, and 664.21 nm due to nine conjugated double bonds and electron transfer from the C=C and carbonyl groups. Triple-component blending exhibits the lowest band gap energy (0.3392–0.4469 eV) compared to double-component (0.4549–0.5778 eV) and single-component (0.4541–0.6248 eV), indicating better light-harvesting capability. FTIR analysis confirmed the chemical structure with peak wavenumbers at 3332 cm^-1 (hydroxyl), 2919 cm^-1 and 1732 cm^-1 (alkane and cellulose carboxyl), and 1672 cm^-1 (aromatic lignin C=C). The optimal F11 mixture (ratio 1:2:1) achieved the highest efficiency of 3.24% with a bandgap of 0.3392 eV. These results demonstrate the potential of natural dye mixtures as photosensitizers in DSSCs, improved spectral absorption, good stability, and enhanced electrical current generation.

Keywords: Dye-sensitized solar cells, Triple-component blending, Caesalpinia sappan L., Dracaena angustifolia, Clitoria ternatea L.